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Accepted by Department Council
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Made by Assoc. Prof. Y. Koeva, MD, PhD
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SYLLABUS
Lectures and laboratory seminars in Cytology, Histology and Embryology І course, medical students, winter semester 2013
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Weeks
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Laboratory seminars - 3 h.
Prof. P. Atanassova
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Lectures - 2 h
Prof. P. Atanassova
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І week
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ІІ week
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Cytoplasma. Cell inclusions
Microscopical preparations:
1.Lipid drops
2.Glycogen granules in hepatic cells
3.Pigment inclusions
Еlectron microphotographs:
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Cell membrane
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Microvilli
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Desmosomes
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Interdigitations
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Protein granules
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Lipid drops
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Glycogen granules
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Cytoplasm. Cell organelles. Microscopical preparations:
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Nissl substance (granules)
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Mitochondria
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SDH - activity
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Golgi complex
Еlectron microphotographs:
1.Rough endoplasmatic reticulum
2.Smooth endoplasmatic reticulum
3.Ribosomes
4. Мitochondria
5.Golgi complex
6.Centrosome
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The cell
Cell – morphology.
Cell membrane (plasmalema)
Cytoplasm, cytosol
Cytoplasm.
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Cytoskeleton
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Specialized cell organelles
Cell inclusions
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Cell orgenelles
General organelles- structural, ultrastructural and functional characteristics.
1.Еndoplasmatic reticulum
2.Мitochondria
3.Golgi complex
4.Lysosomes
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ІІІ week
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Nucleus in interphase. Mitosis.
Microscopical preparations:
1. Nucleus in interphase
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H-E staining
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Foilgen staining
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DNA synthesis (histoautoradiography)
2.Mitosis in cells of pea radix
Еlectron microphotographs:
1. Interphase nucleus
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Nucleus in interphase and mitosis.
1. Interphase nucleus - structural, ultrastructural and functional characteristics.
2.Mitosis – phases
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ІV week
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Cytophysiology
Microscopical preparations:
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Phagocytosis
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Acid phosphatase activity
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Secretion (secretory granulea)
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Mooving of cillia – demonstration
Еlectron microphotographs:
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Cilia
1.1 Longitudinal section
1.2. Transverse section
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Secretory granules
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Cytophysiology
1.Phagocytosis
2.Acid phosphatase activity
3.Secretion
4.Mooving of cilia
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V week
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Epithelia. Unilayered epithelia
Microscopical preparations:
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Simple squamous epithelium
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Н-Е staining
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Impregnation
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Cuboidal epithelium
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Columnar epithelium
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Unilayered (pseudostratified) ciliated columnar epithelium
5. Henle’s epithelium
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Tissues – classification,properties
Epithelia.
Unilayered epithelia
Multistratified epithelia
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Histogenesis
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General characteristics
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Classification
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VІ week
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Colloquium
(preliminary examination)
1. Practical part –
5 microscopical preparations
5 - electron microphotographs 20 points
2.Тheoretical part – test
40 points
60 points total
Discharge: 70% /14 p. + 28 p./
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Connective tissue.
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Histogenesis
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General characteristics
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Classification
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Cells.
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Intercellular substance
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Fibrous connective tissue
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VІІ week
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Epithelia.
Multistratified epithelia. Secretory epithelia.
Microscopical preparations:
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Stratified squamous epithelium
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Stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium
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Secretory epithelia
3.1.Simple tubular glands
3.2.Serous, mucous and compound alveolar (acinar) glands
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Connective tissue with solid intercellular substance.
1. Cartilage
2. The bone tissue
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VІІІ week
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Fibrous connective tissue
Microscopical preparations:
1.Loose connective tissue
2.Collagenous fibrous tissue
3.Ellastic tissue
4.Pigment connective tissue
5.Adipose tissue – white and brown
a)Sudan III staining
b)H-E staining
Еlectron microphotographs:
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Fibroblast
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Mast cell
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Plasma cell
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Collagenfibers
5. Multilocular adipocyte
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Blood tissue.
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Histogenesis
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General characteristics
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Classification
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Cells
4.1.Еrythrocytes
4.2.Leucocytes
4.3.Platelets
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ІХ week
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Connective tissue with solid intercellular substance.
1. Cartilage
2. The bone tissue
Microscopical preparations:
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Hyaline cartilage
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Elastic cartilage
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Compact bone – decalcinated
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Compact bone – Shliff
Еlectron microphotographs:
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Оsteocyte
2. Оsteoclast
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Мuscle tissue.
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Histogenesis
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General characteristics
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Classification
4. Cells
5. Myofibers, myofibrils
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X week
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Blood tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
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Blood smear - preparation
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Blood smear - examination
Еlectron microphotographs:
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Neotrophil granulocyte
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Еоsinophil granulocyte
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Lymphocyte
Test – 30 p. and preparations –10 p./8+2/ on Epithelial and Connective tissues.
Total score – 40 p.
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Nerve tissue.
1.Histogenesis
2.General characteristics
3.Classification
4.Cells – neurons, neuroglia
5. Nerve fibers
6. Myoneural synapse
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ХI week
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Мuscle tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
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Smooth (visceral) muscle tissue
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Striated Skeletal muscle tissue
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Striated Cardiac muscle tissue
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Impulse conductive cardiac muscle tissue
Еlectron microphotographs:
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Myofibril – skeletal
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Cardiomyocyte – myofibril
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Reproductive tissue 1.Histogenesis
2.General characteristics
3.Classification
4.Cells
4.1. Oocytes
4.2. Spermatozoa
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ХІI week
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Nerve tissue.
Microscopical preparations:
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Мultipolar neurons
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Pear-like neurons
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Pyramidal neurons
4. Myelinated nerve fibers
Еlectron microphotographs:
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Myelinated nerve fiber
2. Myoneural synapse
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Early human embryonal development.
Fertilization
Clivage
Blastocyst
Implantation
Gastrulation
Primitive organs
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ХІІI week
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Reproductive tissue.
General embryology. Gastrulation.
Microscopical preparations:
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Oocyte
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Spermatozoa
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Early gastrulation
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Late grastrulation
Еlectron microphotographs:
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Oocyte
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Spermatozoon
Теst 40 p. and preparations -10 p./6+4/ on blood, muscle and nerve tissues
Total score - 50 p.
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Extra-embryonic layers
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Chorion, amnion, yolk sack, alantoic diverticulum
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Umbilical cord
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Fetal sack
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Placenta
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ХІV week
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Extra-embryonic layers
Microscopical preparations:
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Umbilical cord of 2-3 month old human embryo
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Umbilical cord of newborn baby
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Placenta
4. Fetal sack
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Twins
Anomalies in the human embryonal development
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1.Colloquium in Cytology – 60 points
2.Test on epithelial and connective tissues – 40 points
3. Test on blood, muscle and nerve tissues – 50 points
Total score points for the semester – 150
Exellent 6,00 – more than 90% more than 135p.
Very good 5,00 - 80% 120-134 p.
Good 4,00 - 70% 105-119 p.
Satisfactiry 3,00 - 60% 90-104 p.
Poor - less than 90 points
Textbooks
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Basic Histology. I.C. Janqueira
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Textbook of Human Histology, I. Singh
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Human embryology , Inderbir Singh, Sixth edition
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Clinical and Functional Histology for Medical Students, Richard S. Snell
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Practicum of Cytology, Histology and Embryology with CD , P. Atanassova, Y. Koeva, E. Petrova, N. Penkova, V. Trichkova
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Handbook in cytology, histology and embryology. Assoc. Prof. Yvetta Koeva.
Made by Assoc. Prof. Y. Koeva, PhD
I медици
Колоквиум по цитология:
Студентите, получили 80% от точките на практическата част (16 точки) и на теста (32 точки) от колоквиума по цитология се освобождават от раздел цитология на изпита по цитология, обща ембриология и хистология.
Студентите, получили 70% от точките на практическата част (14 точки) и на теста (28 точки) от колоквиума по цитология се освобождават от практическата част (микроскопски препарати) по цитология на изпита по цитология, обща ембриология и хистология.
Семестриален успех:
Студентите, получили 90% от точките за целия семестър (над 135 точки) се освобождават от входящия тест (микроскопски препарати и теоретичен тест) на изпита по цитология, обща ембриология и хистология. Същите се явяват на писмен и устен изпит.
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