Present continuous tense
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| LESSON 5
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
PRESENTATION 1. Read the following passage about the speed of light: The speed of light is the speed limit for all matter. Suppose that at the moment two spaceships are travelling at nearly the speed of light. They are moving directly towards each other. The realms of spacetime for each ship differ in such a way that the relative speed of approach, from any frame of reference, is still less than the speed of light. For example, when both ships are travelling towards each other at 80 % the speed of light relative to the earth, an observer on each ship can measure her speed of approach as 98 % the speed of light. There are no circumstances where the relative speeds of any material objects surpass the speed of light. 2. Compare the sentences below: – The speed of light is the speed limit for all matter. – Two spaceships are moving at nearly the speed of light at the moment. – They are moving directly towards each other. 3. Grammar questions: – What tenses are the two verb forms in these sentences: + Which tense expresses a true fact? + Which tense expresses an activity happening now? 4. Complete the rule: The Present Continuous tense is formed with the present tense of auxiliary …………+ the………… participle. PRACTICE 1. Grammar Decide which is the correct verb form: a. The Earth rotates / is rotating on its axis, and orbits/ is orbiting the sun along with other planets. b. Now in the city the energy travels / is travelling through wires to homes, where it is used for lighting, heating, cooking. c. When we sit / are sitting on a fast – moving train, we have no speed at all relative to the train. d. The kettle boils / is boiling. Can you turn it off, please? e. Water boils / is boiling at 100 degrees celsius. f. Today in power stations, in factories and in our cars, we burn/are burning more and more fossil fuels and this produces/is producing huge quantities of CO2. g. The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere increases / is increasing every year. h. Computer science changes / is changing the way you and your children learn. i. A person or an object can achieve terminal velocity when he or it falls / is falling toward the Earth. 2. Say how the things are changed: a. The climate ( get ) ……………warmer. b. That child ( grow ) ……………bigger every day. c. The universe ( expand ) …………, and has been since its beginning. d. The political situation ( get ) ………… worse. e. Men ( live ) ……………longer. f. In winter the days ( get ) ……………shorter. g. Disastrous floods ( destroy ) ………………a lot of provinces. h. Older people ( become ) …………more isolated. i. That funny noise ( get ) …………louder. 3. Speaking Discuss in groups what is happening to some of the following. Example: Nowadays unemployment is becoming very serious. – the world’s population – prices – the world’s forests – pollution – roads – medical care – teenagers
• Reading and speaking 1. Pre_ reading task 1.1/ We all know that the earth always moves round the sun. Can you explain why? 1.2/ Use your dictionary to check the meaning of the following words: gravitation, attracted, law, atom, planets. Put one of the given words in each space: a. The earth is held near the sun , which is 93 million miles away, by the force of …… b. Which two great scientists each gave us a …………of gravitation? c. ……………are so small that we cannot see them. d. When the magnet ……… the needle , the needle turns. e. Jupiter is the largest of the ………… 2. Read the paragraph below:
Gravitation is a very important force in the universe. Every object has a gravitational pull, which is rather like magnetism. But, unlike magnetism, gravitation is not found only in iron and steel. It is in every object large or small, but large objects, such as the earth, have a stronger pull than small ones. Sir Isaac Newton, the great scientist of the seventeenth century, first studied gravitation. When he was a boy, he often saw apples falling to the ground. He wondered why they fell towards the earth, and why they did not fly up into the sky. According to the law which he later produced, everything in the universe attracts everything else towards itself. The sun attracts the earth and the earth the sun. The earth attracts the moon and the moon the earth. Although the bigger object has the stronger attraction, all objects, in fact, have some; but we do not notice the gravitational pull of a book because the pull of the earth is very much greater. Why does the earth always move round the sun? The sun’s gravitation gives the answer. The earth is always trying to move away in a straight line, but the sun is always pulling it back. So its journey is going on round and round the sun. The sun is one of the stars in the galaxy, in which there are about 100,000 million stars. These stars form a group, the shape of which is rather like the shape of a watch. Gravitation is the force which is holding all the atoms of the earth together, all the atoms of a star together. It is also holding us on the earth; if there were no gravitation, we and everything else would fly off the earth into space. Einstein produced a new law of gravitation. Its main results are the same as the results of Newton’s law, but in very small and fine matters, Einstein’s law gives different results. One of these is that gravitation bends light a little; but according to Newton’s law gravitation has very little effect on light. Einstein showed this fact by means of mathematics, and not by experiment. 
Star seems to be here if you look from the earth star Earth This result of his law was tested during an eclipse of the sun. Usually, when the light of a star passes the sun, we cannot see it, the sun too bright. But during an eclipse, the sun’s light is shut out by the moon; then we can see the light of the star. The astronomers who watched noticed that the star appeared to change its position a little. The cause of this is that the star’s light is turning from the straight line as it passes the sun. The sun’s gravitation is bending the beam of light. This showed that Einstein’s law is right. ( From Elementary Scientific English Practice) Comprehension check: 1. Are the sentences true or false. Correct the false sentences: a. A gravitational pull is like magnetism that is found in iron and steel. b. The results of Einstein’s law of gravitation are the same as those of Newton’s law. c. Einstein did a lot of experiments to find out his law. d. The bigger object has the stronger attraction. 2. Answer the questions below: a. In which century was Newton born? b. What question did Newton ask himself when he saw apples falling? c. Why don’t we notice the gravitational pull of a book? d. What is the little difference between Einstein’s law and Newton’s law of gravitation? e. Why can we see some stars in daytime during an eclipse? 3. Notice: The earth attracts the moon and the moon the earth ( = attracts the earth ) The world “ attracts” is left out. Leave out as many words as you can in these sentences: a. There are more atoms in this glass than there are in that bit of metal. b. It is farther to the sun than it is to the moon. c. A magnet attracts a steel pin, and the sun attracts the earth. 4. Discussion: Explain why we do not gravitate toward other people, buildings, distant planets or stars. • Listening NUMBERS You are going to listen to some interesting facts about English. Fill the numbers that you hear into the gaps: 1. English is an official or unofficial language in …………………countries. 2. English is the native language in ……………………….………countries. 3. An average native speaker uses between …………and…………words in conversation. 4. The English language contains more words than any other languages. The 1989 Oxford Dictionary of English has ……………………………entries. However, the total number of words – including scientific, medical and technical terms is well over …………………………………… .
1. Gravity is the name given to the force of attraction between objects, even though we do not thoroughly understand it. 2. The moon and other objects in orbit around the earth are actually falling towards the earth but have great enough tangential velocity to avoid hitting the earth.
Каталог: drago -> english%20for%20physicists english%20for%20physicists -> Basic english for physicists english%20for%20physicists -> Example: New York is more exciting than Seattle. Use the superlative form when speaking about three or more objects to show which object is 'the most' of something. Example english%20for%20physicists -> 1. How to make the Past Continuous Tense? english%20for%20physicists -> Present perfect finished or unfinished time present perfect tense english%20for%20physicists -> Present simple past simple tense drago -> Search earthquakes‘ в новосъздадената по-горе папка във формат. Csv drago -> Анкетна карта моля, попълнете следната бланка. Полетата с по-тъмен шрифт са задължителни за попълване. Име Изтегляне 130.19 Kb. Сподели с приятели:
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