Заседание на 11 юли 2007 г., Европейският икономически и социален комитет прие настоящото становище със 108 гласа „за" и 1 глас „въздържал се"



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Приложение 3
EXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICE
There is a considerable body of evidence, based on the existing best practice, attesting to the specific added value of CBC (cross-border cooperation):


  • Spatial and cross-border development concepts: German border areas (Bavaria/Saxony) along the border with Austria and the Czech Republic; also in Austria, along the borders with the Czech Republic/Slovakia/Hungary/Slovenia; the border between Italy and France; the border between Poland and Germany; or maritime protection areas between Corsica and Sardinia.

  • Creation of the necessary cross-border infrastructure (and also maritime infrastructure) as a physical prerequisite for CBC geared to creating growth and employment (Spain/France, Sweden/Finland/Norway, the Alpine region, the EU's external borders, etc.).

  • Promotion of growth and economic development in addition to national development schemes (e.g. Irish Border Regions and Germany/Belgium/the Netherlands with new jobs, the border between Spain and Portugal with a risk-capital fund and Romania/Bulgaria, with a cross-border business card).

  • New cross-border trade relations between producers and suppliers (e.g. the network of chambers of commerce in Northern Greece/Bulgaria and in the Czech Republic/Germany (Saxony), at the border between Germany and Denmark, at the border between France and Germany along the Upper Rhine, or at the border between Hungary/Austria).

  • New cooperation and sales opportunities for SMEs. Businesses of this nature typically operate within a radius of some 200 km from their location, which usually covers the geographic area of the neighbouring border region (e.g. the entrepreneurship centre for the Balkan and Black Sea States in Northern Greece; the Arctic Investors Network at the border between Finland/Norway/Sweden; and the Spain/Portugal entrepreneurs' forum).

  • The establishment of a cross-border labour market that provides additional employment opportunities (adjustment payments for cross-border workers in France/Switzerland or at the border between Germany/France along the Upper Rhine, or Oresund's specific labour market strategy, which has helped to increase the number of commuters from 3 000 to 10 000).

  • Bilingual cross-border vocational training (Germany/Poland, the Netherlands/Germany and Germany/France).

  • Establishment and improvement of cross-border public transport links (bus or rail) to benefit the public, workers and tourists (e.g. at the border between Austria and Germany near Salzburg and in the triangle formed by Germany (Bavaria/Saxony) and the Czech Republic by means of a cross-border public transport system with a uniform ticketing system; joint public transport between Sweden/Denmark across the Oresund bridge).

  • Cross-border tourism concepts and projects (e.g. Lake Constance; Germany (Bavaria)/Austria; the Poland/Lithuania Joint Tourist Services Centre; the tourist map for the area of Spain/Portugal between Galicia/Northern region; Tatra, in the Carpathians, between Poland/Slovakia; the joint tourist marketing and promotional activities between Northern Ireland and the Republic and in the Pyrenees (France/Spain); the joint tourism strategies between Kent (United Kingdom) and Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France)).

  • A greater catchment area for business activities and services on both sides of the border. Business and services such as research institutes and universities, waste treatment plants, recycling and infrastructure would often not be profitable or even be available at all in border regions without CBC (e.g. Euregio's joint Research Institute for New Rehabilitation Techniques or the Centre for Microscope and Spectroscope Analyses on the border between Germany/the Netherlands; the Oresund university cooperation network, on the border between Denmark/Germany; and the South Tyrol cross-border region (Italy/Austria).

  • More efficient use of public funds (e.g. joint sewage plants at the border between Germany/Poland; joint libraries in the Upper Rhine regions, the Saar/Lor/Lux region and at the border between Denmark/Germany; cooperation in the health sector between Greece and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Spain/Portugal and between both parts of Ireland).

  • Joint research and innovation (critical mass), generating additional synergies (technological cooperation in Extremadura/Alentejo (Spain/Portugal) or the Technology and Business Park at the Austria/Slovenia border).

  • Additional synergies and indirect benefits generated by cooperation between universities, colleges of further education and other educational establishments (e.g. university cooperation between Strasbourg, Basel and Freiburg in the Upper Rhine region or between Lorraine/Saarland and between universities in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region with their neighbours in Slovenia and Austria).

  • Sustainable cross-border environmental management and environmental protection (e.g. Extremadura and Castile and Leon/Portugal; the Pyrenees; Germany (Bavaria)/Austria; Austria/the Czech Republic; Poland/Ukraine/Belarus; Baltic Republics/Russia/Belarus; Belgium/the Netherlands/Germany).

  • Cross-border cooperation as a model for “new governance” (in any part of Europe, by means of the Euroregions and similar structures that implement subsidiarity and partnership, create networks, etc., despite the differences in structures, powers and legislation on the different sides of a border).


Приложение 4
EXISTING EU-LEVEL INITIATIVES ASSISTING CROSS-BORDER ACTIVITIES
- instrument;

INFO information tool
Health

  • The European Health Insurance Card (it doesn't provide a solution for those employed in another Member State for a shorter period than 6 months)

http://ec.europa.eu/employment_social/healthcard/index_en.htm
Employment

  • EURES (job opportunities and information about working in another EU Member States; some cross-border EURES-points exist)

http://ec.europa.eu/eures/home.jsp?lang=en

  • ERA (Researchers' Mobility Portal)

http://ec.europa.eu/eracareers/index_en.cfm

  • SOLVIT (problem-solving without legal procedures on a case-to-case basis; tackling all problems related to rights guaranteed by EU legislation)

http://europa.eu.int/solvit/site/index_en.htm

  • Services directive (free establishment of service providers, possibility to provide services for limited periods in another country)


Education and learning

  • PLOTEUS (portal on learning opportunities throughout the European space)
    http://ec.europa.eu/ploteus/portal/home.jsp

  • Directives regarding the recognition of qualifications and diplomas (general system, sectoral directives for certain professions)

http://ec.europa.eu/youreurope/nav/en/citizens/education-study/qualification-recognition/general-system/index_en.html
Entrepreneurship


  • Your Europe Business (information about taxation regimes, accounting, banking & insurance, human resources in the various MS – the database doesn't always contain all the data for all Member States)

http://ec.europa.eu/youreurope/nav/en/business/management/taxation/index.html

  • SOLVIT (problem-solving without legal procedures on a case-to-case basis; tackling all problems related rights guaranteed by EU legislation)

http://europa.eu.int/solvit/site/index_en.htm
Taxation

  • Your Europe Business (information includes taxation regimes)

http://ec.europa.eu/youreurope/nav/en/business/management/taxation/index.html

  • Taxes in Europe database (covering the main taxes in force in the EU Member States, operated by the Commission)

http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/taxation/gen_info/info_docs/tax_inventory/index_en.htm

  • VIES (VAT information exchange system)

http://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/vies/en/vieshome.htm

  • VAT directives


Funding



Comments
From the above – non-exhaustive – list it can be concluded that there are many information tools available. Even if systems are different, common databases do make it possible to render the different systems more transparent for individuals and businesses.
The taxation area is very poor in instruments, Member States systems are substantially different and there is no political will to harmonise them. The tax coordination framework might turn into a useful tool: it aims to co-ordinate national tax systems to render them compatible with the Treaty and with each other in specific problematic areas.
Financing is available, but generally projects have to pass through the national level before obtaining EU funding.
An example for a complex and recently adopted tool is the services directive.
The database of SOLVIT might be also useful for determining a list of frequent problems.


More information on border regions




  • Association of European Border Regions

http://www.aebr.net/
_____________


1 Характеристики, основани на „Практическо ръководство по трансгранично сътрудничество“, 2000 г., АЕПР

2 Когато говорим за еврорегиони се предполага, че в това се включват и други подобни структури.

3 Saarland, Lorraine, Luxemburg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Région wallone, Communauté française de Belgique, Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft Belgiens.

4 Понастоящем съществуват повече от 168 еврорегиона и подобни на тях структури. Приблизително половината от регионите в държавите-членки на ЕС участват в еврорегионите.

5 Резолюция от 1.12.2005 г. на Европейския парламент относно ролята на „еврорегионите“ в развитието на регионалната политика.

6 COM(2004) 101 окончателен.

7 Становище относно „Съобщение на Комисията до Съвета и до Европейския парламент – Да построим нашето общо бъдеще – Политически предизвикателства и бюджетни средства на разширения Съюз (2007-2013 г.)“, ОВ C 74 от 23.3.2005 г., стр. 32.

8 COM(2004) 495 окончателен, член 6: Европейско териториално сътрудничество.

9 Становища на ЕИСК относно „Основните разпоредби“ за Фондовете, „Кохезионния фонд“, „Европейския фонд за регионално развитие“ и „Eвропейската група за териториално сътрудничество (ЕГТС)“, ОВ C 255, 14.10.2005,
стр. 76, 79, 88 и 91.

10 ОВ L 210 от 31.7.2006 г.

11 COM(2005) 299 окончателен y COM(2006) 386 окончателен, приети от Съвета на министрите на 5 октомври 2006 г.

12 Официален вестник на Европейския съюз – 31.7.2006 г. L 210/19.

13 Бъдещата Обсерватория на заетостта на ЕИСК би могла да проследи проблематиката на пограничния и трансграничния труд в Европа.

14 Становище на ЕИСК „Управление на индустриалните промени в трансграничните региони след разширяването на Европейския съюз“ – CESE 586/2006.

ECO/179 – CESE 1002/2007 ES – ZU/YD/mn/dg/ty/gd

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