COMMUNIQUER
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COMMUNICATION
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ОБЩУВАНЕ
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Nous voilà donc enfermés dans ces chronoscaphes. Mais comment pouvons nous communiquer ?
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Well, here we are inside our chronoscaphes. How can we communicate with each other ?
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Ето ни затворени в този хроноскаф. Как ще общуваме?
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En utilisant des PHOTONS.
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By using PHOTONS.
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Чрез ФОТОНИ.
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Les photons sont comme des pinceaux de phares qui balayeraient toutes les couches du
Cosmic Park à vitesse angulaire constante.
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Photons – tiny quantities of light – behave just like a searchlight beam, sweeping across all the layers of Cosmic Park at. A constant angular velocity.
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Фотоните са като лъчите на фар
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ETAT DE REPOS
VITESSE VA
VITESSE VB
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REST STATE
SPEED VA
SPEED VB
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СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА ПОКОЙ
СКОРОСТ VA
СКОРОСТ VB
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Un objet A, cheminant à une vitesse VA, peut déclencher le départ d'un de ces pinceaux
de phares en direction d'un objet B cheminant à vitesse VB.
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AN object A, traveling at a speed VA, can trigger off one of these searchlight beams in the direction of an object B, moving at a speed VB.
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Обект А, който се движи със скорост VA, може да задвижи един от тези прожекторни лъчи в посоката на обект В, който се движи със скорост VB.
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53
La lumière est un phénomène périodique, auquel on peut associer une fréquence N
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Light is an oscillatory phenomenon, to which we can associate a frequency N
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Светлината е временно явление, на което може да се припише честота N.
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Fréquences basses Fréquences élevées
INFRAROUGE ROUGE ORANGE JAUNE VERT BLEU VIOLET ULTRAVIOLET
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Low frequency High frequency
INFRARED RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE VIOLET ULTRAVIOLET
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Ниски честоти Високи честоти
ИНФРАЧЕРВЕНО ЧЕРВЕНО ОРАНЖЕВО ЖЪЛТО ЗЕЛЕНО СИНЬО ЛИЛАВО УЛТРАВИОЛЕТОВО
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Et la couleur est déterminée par cette fréquence
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And its color is determined by its frequency.
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И цветът се определя от тази честота.
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Les fréquences (émises ou reçues) sont mesurées par rapport au temps qui s'écoule dans
le chronoscaphe de l'émetteur ou du récepteur. Dans le chronoscaphe A, Anselme émet
de la lumière bleue. Il se trouve dans une région de l'espace où règne une forte courbure.
Il est par exemple près d'une étoile à neutrons (très massive).
Sophie, dans le chronoscaphe S, reçoit cette lumière. Elle se trouve loin de cet objet supermassif. Donc son temps va s'écouler plus vite et elle mesurera une fréquence plus
faible, au point que cette lumière sera, pour elle, décalée vers le rouge.
C'est ce qu'on appelle le RED SHIFT (glissement vers le rouge) d'origine gravitationnelle.
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The frequencies of the photons emitted or received will be measured relative to the flow-rate of time in the chronoscaphe of the emitter or receiver. In chronoscaphe a, Archie sends out blue light. He happens to be in a region of space that is highly curved – for example he may be near a neutron star of enormous mass.
Sophie, in chronoscaphe S, receives this light. She is a long way from the superdense object. So her time flows faster, and she measures a lower frequency. To her, the color of the light seems to have shifted towards RED.
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Честотите (излъчвани или получавани) се измерват в съотношение с времето, което тече в хроноскафа от предавателя или приемника. В хроноскаф А Анселм излъчва син цвят. Той се намира в област от пространството с голяма кривина. Той е например, в близост до много масивна неутронна звезда.
В хроноскаф S Софи получава тази светлина. Тя се намира далеч от този свръхмасивен обект. Следователно нейното време ще изтече по-бързо и тя ще отчете по-слаба честота, така че тази светлина за нея ще бъде изместена в червената част на спектъра.
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54
Anselme se trouve sur une étoile à neutrons.
(Nous l'avons affranchi des contraintes de la pesanteur pour qu'il ne soit pas
instantanément aplati sur sa surface sous l'effet de son propre poids).
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Archie is standing on a neutron star. (We have temporarily suspended the effects of gravity on his body, since that would instantly spread him out flatter than a pancke.)
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Анселм се намира на неутронна звезда. (Ние го освободихме от ефекта на силите на привличане, за да не се окаже ненадейно размазан като палачинка върху повърхността под силата на собствената си тежест).
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Tiens ... une belle pomme rouge !
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Wow – what a beautiful red apple !
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Виж... Красива червена ябълка!
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Ça alors ! maintenant elle est verte
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Funny – it 's gone green.
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Я! Сега е зелена.
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En fait la pomme ÉTAIT VERTE et c'est l'altération du temps qui changeait son apparence.
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Actually, the apple was green all the time, but the effect of gravity on time shifted it to red.
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Всъщност ябълката БЕ ЗЕЛЕНА и промяната във времето промени и нейния външен вид.
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Les pommes ne sont plus ce qu'elles étaient ...
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Apples are NOT what they were in my day ...
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Ябълките вече не са това, което бяха...
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55
SECONDE APPROCHE DU TROU NOIR
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SECOND ENCOUNTER WITH A BLACK HOLE
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ВТОРО ПРИБЛИЖАВАНЕ ДО ЧЕРНАТА ДУПКА
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Nous allons continuer d'explorer le cosmic park
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I want to explore cosmic park some more.
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Ще продължим да изследваме Космическия парк.
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OK, je monte avec Léon. Bonne géodésique !...
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Ja, ja. Und Lenny und I vill come too ! Haf’a nice geodesic !
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Добре. Аз се качвам с Леон. Приятно пътуване по геодезическата линия.
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Léon, monsieur Albert, je les vois, là-bas
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I see Lenny and MR. Albert over there.
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Виждам ей там Леон и господин Албер.
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Et j'ai également un contact en phonie, par radio (*)
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Yes, and I’m in voice contact with them, by radio. (*)
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А аз имам гласова връзка с тях, по радиостанцията. (*)
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Tiens, qu'est-ce que c'est que ce truc, au loin
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Woops, what’s that thing in the distance ?
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Я гледай, какво е това в далечината?
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On dirait une trombe
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Looks like a trumpet – or a tornado.
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Прилича на смерч.
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(*) Les ondes radio sont de même nature que les ondes lumineuses. Même vitesse de propagation C, mais fréquences plus basses.
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(*) Radio waves are similar to light waves. They have the same speed of propagation C, but lower frequency.
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(*) Радиовълните приличат на светлинните вълни. Имат една и съща скорост на разпространение C, но по-ниски честоти.
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56
C'est un trou noir !
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Yikes ! It’s a black hole !!
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Това е черна дупка!
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Monsieur Albert et Léon sont carrément tombés dedans.
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And MR. Albert and Lenny have fallen in!
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Господин Албер и Леон смело влизат в нея.
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on passe près, dis-donc !
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We’re a little close for comfort ourselves.
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Невероятно, съвсем близо сме!
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Est-ce qu'on peut faire quelque chose pour Léon et monsieur Albert ?
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Is there any way we can help Lenny and MR. Albert ?
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Можем ли да направим нещо за Леон и господин Албер?
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Impossible, nos géodésiques n'ont pas l'air de devoir se croiser.
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No. Our geodesics don’t cross.
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Невъзможно е. Геодезическите ни линии няма да се пресекат.
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Est-ce que tu les vois ?
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Can you see them ?
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Виждаш ли ги?
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Le fond du trou noir apparaît complètement opaque.
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The bottom of the black hole is totally opaque.
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Дъното на дупката е непрогледно.
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Je les vois encore, mais leur chronoscaphe est devenu d'une couleur rouge sombre
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I can still see them, but their chronoscaphe has gone a dull orange color.
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Все още ги виждам, но хроноскафът им стана тъмночервен.
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Allô, monsieur Albert, Léon est-ce que vous me recevez ?
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Hallo ? MR. Albert ? Lenny ? Are you receiving me ?
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Ало! Господин Албер, Леон! Чувате ли ме?
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Je n'y comprends rien. Sa voix est devenue suraiguë et il parle trop vite
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It’s bafflin’. 'is voice 'as gorn squeaky an’ 'e's talkin’ too quick. Sounds like Donald Duck.
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Нищо не разбирам. Гласът му е креслив и говори много бързо. _____________________________________________________________________
Sa voix est de plus en plus grave. On dirait un disque qui s'arrête !?!
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His voice is getting deeper and deeper, like a record slowing down !
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Гласът му заглъхва все повече и повече, като диск, който спира.
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AHHDTEUHHH...
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AHHDTEUHHH...
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AХХДТУУУХХ...
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Problèmes de communication, quand on vit dans des "bulles de temps" bien différentes.
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There are communication problems when you live in very different "time zones."
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Когато хората са в съвсем различни „времеви зони”, има проблеми с комуникациите.
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58
QUESTION DE TEMPS
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A MATTER OF TIME
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ВРЕМЕТО
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Plus Albert et Léon s'enfoncent profondément dans le CHRONOL et plus la pression extérieure PE croit, donc mois leur clepsydre débite, moins le temps s'écoule dans leur
chronoscaphe.
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The deeper MR. Albert and Lenny sink into the chronol, the more the outside pressure PE
increases, the slower the clepsydra runs out of chronol, and the slower time flows in their chronoscaphe.
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Колкото по-надълбоко във ВРЕМЕТО се спускат господин Албер и Леон и колкото повече расте външното налягане PE, толкова по-малък разход има водният часовник и толкова по-малко време минава в техния хроноскаф.
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Quand ils atteindront le fond des choses et la vitesse de la lumière, leur horloge hydraulique de bord aura débité une quantité limitée de chronol, ce qui signifie que ce trajet aura été effectué en temps FINI.
Mais si, Sophie, Anselme, Max et Tirésias pouvaient continuer de suivre leur chute, celle-ci leur semblerait interminable.
La lumière émise par leur chronoscaphe sombre vite dans l'infrarouge hors du domaine
de la lumière visible, tandis que leur message radio glisse dans l'infrason.
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When they get down to the bottom of things, at the speed of light, their water-clock has lost only a limited amount of chronol, which means that they reach the bottom in a finite time, according to the time flowing in their own chronoscaphe.
But if Sophie, Archie, Max, and Tiresias could continue to track their descent, to them it would seem interminable.
The light emitted by the chronoscaphe would drop deep into the infrared, below the range of visible light, while the radio message would sound lower and lower and slower and slower.
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Когато достигнат до дъното и скоростта на светлината, техният воден часовник ще изразходва ограничено количество време, което означава, че те са изминали този път за ОГРАНИЧЕНО време.
Но ако Софи, Анселм, Макс и Тирезий продължат да падат надолу, то тяхното падане ще им се стори безкрайно.
Светлината, излъчвана от техния хроноскаф, ще потъмнее, ще попадне в инфрачервената област, отвъд видимата светлина, а съобщенията им по радиопредавателя ще преминат в инфразвук.
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Cela me rappelle le paradoxe d'Achille, qui tente de s'approcher de la tortue en diminuant
À CHAQUE FOIS la distance qui l'en sépare par deux. Il y parvient en un temps fini.
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It reminds me of the paradox of Achilles and the snail. Achilles tries to catch the snail, by repeatedly halving the distance between them. You’d think it would go on forever, but the steps add up to a finite total time.
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Това ми напомня за парадокса за Ахил и костенурката, който в опита си да се приближи до нея намалява ВСЕКИ ПЪТ двойно разстоянието, което ги дели, но клони към 0.
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Voici, dans ce modèle du COSMIC PARK, une image du trou noir. Le poinçon a complètement défoncé l'espace-temps jusqu'au centre, où règne la vitesse de la lumière.
Toutes les nappes en ce point deviennent tangentes à un cône de demi-angle au sommet α
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Here is a picture of a BLAK HOLE, according to the Cosmic Park model. The spike has penetrated all the way to the center of space-time, where the speed is that of light. All the layers have become tangent to a cone with vertex semi-angle α.
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В този модел на КОСМИЧЕСКИЯ ПАРК е представена схема на черна дупка. Острието почти изцяло е проникнало във времепространството до центъра, където цари скоростта на светлината. Всички пластове в тази точка стават допирателни до конус с половин ъгъл и връх α.
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Cône horizon
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Horizon cone
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Конус на хоризонта
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Dans ce modèle, la distance est en fait un ANGLE entre deux rayons vecteurs :
exemple OM et OC.
En regardant le dessin ci-dessus, on s'aperçoit que l'on ne pénètre jamais à l'intérieur du
cône de demi angle au sommet α. Pour un observateur qui séjournerait à la surface du CHRONOL, c'est-à-dire à l'état de repos, et qui ne concevrait pas cette courbure de
l'espace-temps, cette frontière du trou noir, appelée HORIZON, apparaîtrait suivant un CERCLE qui serait franchi à la vitesse de la lumière.
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In this model, distance is actually an angle between two radial vectors, such as OM and OC . From the diagram above you can see that nothing can penetrate inside this cone with semi-angle α. Imagine an observe in a rest state at the surface of the chronol, who doesn’t realize space-time is curved. To him, the frontier of the black hole – the EVENT HORIZON – looks like a CIRCLE, which is reached at the speed of light.
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В този модел разстоянието всъщност е ЪГЪЛ между два векторни лъча, например OM и OC.
Наблюдавайки рисунката отгоре, забелязваме, че никога не проникваме във вътрешността на конуса с половин ъгъл и връх α. За наблюдател, който се намира на повърхността на ВРЕМЕТО, тоест, в състояние на покой, и който няма да забележи тази кривина по времепространството, тази граница на черната дупка, наречена ХОРИЗОНТ НА СЪБИТИЯТА, ще се появи като КРЪГ, който ще се пресече със скоростта на светлината.
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cône horizon
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Horizon cone
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конус на хоризонта на събитията
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60
ÉTAT DE REPOS
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REST STATE
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СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА ПОКОЙ
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Oh, regarde, nous voilà revenus près de notre point de départ, près du chronoscaphe n°3,
qui est resté immobile.
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Oh look, this is where we came in – black at chronoscaphe #3, which hasn’t moved.
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О, виж, върнахме се в изходната точка, близо до хроноскаф № 3, който остана неподвижен.
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Notre excursion autour du trou noir a freiné notre vieillissement. Si l'un de nous était resté
dans ce chronoscaphe au repos, il aurait peut-être attendu notre retour pendant des centaines ou des milliers d'années !
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Our little excursion around the black hole has slowed down our aging processes. If one of us had stayed at rest in the third chronoscaphe, he would have had to wait hundreds or maybe millions of years for our return.
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Нашата разходка около черната дупка забави остаряването ни. Ако един от нас бе останал в този хроноскаф в състояние на покой, той щеше да очаква завръщането ни в продължение на стотици или хиляди години!
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où mènent les trous noirs ?
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Where do black holes lead to ?
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Къде отвеждат черните дупки?
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Personne n'en sait rien. La théorie montre qu'un anti trou noir pourrait exister.
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Nobody knows. According to the theorists, an anti-black hole could exist.
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Никой не знае. Според учените е възможно да съществуват и черни анти-дупки.
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C'est-à-dire un objet où on ne pourrait jamais entrer. On ne pourrait qu'en sortir.
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That would be a region that nobody could enter. All you could do would be to come out
of it ! Wow !
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Тоест, обект, в които никой не може да влезе, а само да излезе.
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une FONTAINE BLANCHE
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A WHITE FOUNTAIN
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БЯЛА ДУПКА _____________________________________________________________________
61
Voici, dans le modèle du COSMIC PARK à quoi pourrait ressembler un couple
trou noir - fontaine blanche
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In the Cosmic Park model, here’s a way you could join up a black hole / white fountain pair.
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Ето как ще изглежда модел на КОСМИЧЕСКИЯ ПАРК, в който има черна и бяла дупка.
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c'est le MÊME objet, mais avec une orientation inverse des géodésiques.
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The white fountain is exactly the same, except that its geodesics have their orientation reversed.
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Това е СЪЩИЯТ обект, но с обратно разположение на геодезическите линии.
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Mais qu'y a-t-il DANS le trou noir, au delà de l'HORIZON ?
Est-ce qu'il n'y a ... RIEN ?!?
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But wot’s H’INSIDE a black 'ole, over the blikin’ 'ORIZON ? Is it just a load of ...
NUFFIN’ ?
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Но какво има ВЪТРЕ В черната дупка, отвъд ХОРИЗОНТА НА СЪБИТИЯТА? НИЩО ли няма. _____________________________________________________________________
L'intérieur du trou noir serait-il du RIEN à l'état pur ?...
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You mean that the interior of a black hole is pure NONEXISTENCE ?
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Вътрешността на черната дупка може би е НИЩО в чист вид?
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Mais non ! "l'intérieur" du trou noir serait tout simplement l'extérieur de la fontaine
blanche associée
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No, no ! The "interior" of the black hole is just the exterior of its associated white fountain.
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Не е така! „Вътрешността” на черната дупка е просто външната част на прилежащата бяла дупка.
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On remarquera, dans ce modèle, la structure TROU NOIR – FONTAINE BLANCHE
donne à tous les feuillets du Cosmic Park l'allure de surfaces inorientables, à un seul côté,
le "passage" inversant les objets.
Par exemple un R se retrouve selon un Я.
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The alert reader will have noticed that in this model the black hole / white fountain pair gives all the layers of Cosmic Park the structure of a nonorientable surface, with only one side. Passage through the hole sends objects into their mirror images.
For example, R comes out as Я.
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Да отбележим, че на тази схема структурата ЧЕРНА ДУПКА – БЯЛА ДУПКА придава на всички слоеве на Космическия парк вид на повърхности, които се движат без посока, на една страна. Виждаме огледалното изображение на обектите, които преминават през черната сдупка.
Например R става Я.
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