Знание без граници Le Trou Noir


COMMUNIQUER _____________________________________________________________________ COMMUNICATION



страница5/6
Дата13.09.2016
Размер0.54 Mb.
#9276
1   2   3   4   5   6

COMMUNIQUER
_____________________________________________________________________

COMMUNICATION

_____________________________________________________________________



ОБЩУВАНЕ
_____________________________________________________________________

Nous voilà donc enfermés dans ces chronoscaphes. Mais comment pouvons nous communiquer ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Well, here we are inside our chronoscaphes. How can we communicate with each other ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Ето ни затворени в този хроноскаф. Как ще общуваме?

_____________________________________________________________________

En utilisant des PHOTONS.


_____________________________________________________________________

By using PHOTONS.


_____________________________________________________________________

Чрез ФОТОНИ.

__________________________________________________________________

Les photons sont comme des pinceaux de phares qui balayeraient toutes les couches du

Cosmic Park à vitesse angulaire constante.
_____________________________________________________________________

Photons – tiny quantities of light – behave just like a searchlight beam, sweeping across all the layers of Cosmic Park at. A constant angular velocity.


_____________________________________________________________________

Фотоните са като лъчите на фар

_____________________________________________________________________

ETAT DE REPOS

VITESSE VA

VITESSE VB

_____________________________________________________________________

REST STATE

SPEED VA

SPEED VB

_____________________________________________________________________

СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА ПОКОЙ

СКОРОСТ VA

СКОРОСТ VB


_____________________________________________________________________

Un objet A, cheminant à une vitesse VA, peut déclencher le départ d'un de ces pinceaux

de phares en direction d'un objet B cheminant à vitesse VB.
_____________________________________________________________________

AN object A, traveling at a speed VA, can trigger off one of these searchlight beams in the direction of an object B, moving at a speed VB.


_____________________________________________________________________

Обект А, който се движи със скорост VA, може да задвижи един от тези прожекторни лъчи в посоката на обект В, който се движи със скорост VB.

_____________________________________________________________________

53

La lumière est un phénomène périodique, auquel on peut associer une fréquence N


_____________________________________________________________________

Light is an oscillatory phenomenon, to which we can associate a frequency N


_____________________________________________________________________

Светлината е временно явление, на което може да се припише честота N.


_____________________________________________________________________

Fréquences basses Fréquences élevées

INFRAROUGE ROUGE ORANGE JAUNE VERT BLEU VIOLET ULTRAVIOLET
_____________________________________________________________________

Low frequency High frequency

INFRARED RED ORANGE YELLOW GREEN BLUE VIOLET ULTRAVIOLET

_____________________________________________________________________

Ниски честоти Високи честоти

ИНФРАЧЕРВЕНО ЧЕРВЕНО ОРАНЖЕВО ЖЪЛТО ЗЕЛЕНО СИНЬО ЛИЛАВО УЛТРАВИОЛЕТОВО


_____________________________________________________________________

Et la couleur est déterminée par cette fréquence


_____________________________________________________________________

And its color is determined by its frequency.


_____________________________________________________________________

И цветът се определя от тази честота.

_____________________________________________________________________

Les fréquences (émises ou reçues) sont mesurées par rapport au temps qui s'écoule dans

le chronoscaphe de l'émetteur ou du récepteur. Dans le chronoscaphe A, Anselme émet

de la lumière bleue. Il se trouve dans une région de l'espace où règne une forte courbure.

Il est par exemple près d'une étoile à neutrons (très massive).

Sophie, dans le chronoscaphe S, reçoit cette lumière. Elle se trouve loin de cet objet supermassif. Donc son temps va s'écouler plus vite et elle mesurera une fréquence plus

faible, au point que cette lumière sera, pour elle, décalée vers le rouge.

C'est ce qu'on appelle le RED SHIFT (glissement vers le rouge) d'origine gravitationnelle.

_____________________________________________________________________

The frequencies of the photons emitted or received will be measured relative to the flow-rate of time in the chronoscaphe of the emitter or receiver. In chronoscaphe a, Archie sends out blue light. He happens to be in a region of space that is highly curved – for example he may be near a neutron star of enormous mass.

Sophie, in chronoscaphe S, receives this light. She is a long way from the superdense object. So her time flows faster, and she measures a lower frequency. To her, the color of the light seems to have shifted towards RED.

_____________________________________________________________________

Честотите (излъчвани или получавани) се измерват в съотношение с времето, което тече в хроноскафа от предавателя или приемника. В хроноскаф А Анселм излъчва син цвят. Той се намира в област от пространството с голяма кривина. Той е например, в близост до много масивна неутронна звезда.

В хроноскаф S Софи получава тази светлина. Тя се намира далеч от този свръхмасивен обект. Следователно нейното време ще изтече по-бързо и тя ще отчете по-слаба честота, така че тази светлина за нея ще бъде изместена в червената част на спектъра.


_____________________________________________________________________

54

Anselme se trouve sur une étoile à neutrons.



(Nous l'avons affranchi des contraintes de la pesanteur pour qu'il ne soit pas

instantanément aplati sur sa surface sous l'effet de son propre poids).


_____________________________________________________________________

Archie is standing on a neutron star. (We have temporarily suspended the effects of gravity on his body, since that would instantly spread him out flatter than a pancke.)


_____________________________________________________________________

Анселм се намира на неутронна звезда. (Ние го освободихме от ефекта на силите на привличане, за да не се окаже ненадейно размазан като палачинка върху повърхността под силата на собствената си тежест).


_____________________________________________________________________

Tiens ... une belle pomme rouge !


_____________________________________________________________________

Wow – what a beautiful red apple !


_____________________________________________________________________

Виж... Красива червена ябълка!

_____________________________________________________________________

Ça alors ! maintenant elle est verte


_____________________________________________________________________

Funny – it 's gone green.


_____________________________________________________________________

Я! Сега е зелена.

_____________________________________________________________________

En fait la pomme ÉTAIT VERTE et c'est l'altération du temps qui changeait son apparence.

_____________________________________________________________________

Actually, the apple was green all the time, but the effect of gravity on time shifted it to red.


_____________________________________________________________________

Всъщност ябълката БЕ ЗЕЛЕНА и промяната във времето промени и нейния външен вид.

_____________________________________________________________________

Les pommes ne sont plus ce qu'elles étaient ...

_____________________________________________________________________

Apples are NOT what they were in my day ...


_____________________________________________________________________

Ябълките вече не са това, което бяха...

_____________________________________________________________________

55

SECONDE APPROCHE DU TROU NOIR


_____________________________________________________________________

SECOND ENCOUNTER WITH A BLACK HOLE
_____________________________________________________________________

ВТОРО ПРИБЛИЖАВАНЕ ДО ЧЕРНАТА ДУПКА

_____________________________________________________________________

Nous allons continuer d'explorer le cosmic park
_____________________________________________________________________

I want to explore cosmic park some more.


_____________________________________________________________________

Ще продължим да изследваме Космическия парк.

_____________________________________________________________________

OK, je monte avec Léon. Bonne géodésique !...


____________________________________________________________________

Ja, ja. Und Lenny und I vill come too ! Haf’a nice geodesic !


_____________________________________________________________________

Добре. Аз се качвам с Леон. Приятно пътуване по геодезическата линия.

_____________________________________________________________________

Léon, monsieur Albert, je les vois, là-bas


_____________________________________________________________________

I see Lenny and MR. Albert over there.


_____________________________________________________________________

Виждам ей там Леон и господин Албер.

_____________________________________________________________________

Et j'ai également un contact en phonie, par radio (*)


_____________________________________________________________________

Yes, and I’m in voice contact with them, by radio. (*)


_____________________________________________________________________

А аз имам гласова връзка с тях, по радиостанцията. (*)

_____________________________________________________________________

Tiens, qu'est-ce que c'est que ce truc, au loin


_____________________________________________________________________

Woops, what’s that thing in the distance ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Я гледай, какво е това в далечината?

_____________________________________________________________________

On dirait une trombe


_____________________________________________________________________

Looks like a trumpet – or a tornado.


_____________________________________________________________________

Прилича на смерч.

_____________________________________________________________________

(*) Les ondes radio sont de même nature que les ondes lumineuses. Même vitesse de propagation C, mais fréquences plus basses.


_____________________________________________________________________

(*) Radio waves are similar to light waves. They have the same speed of propagation C, but lower frequency.


_____________________________________________________________________

(*) Радиовълните приличат на светлинните вълни. Имат една и съща скорост на разпространение C, но по-ниски честоти.

_____________________________________________________________________

56

C'est un trou noir !



_____________________________________________________________________

Yikes ! It’s a black hole !!


_____________________________________________________________________

Това е черна дупка!

_____________________________________________________________________

Monsieur Albert et Léon sont carrément tombés dedans.


_____________________________________________________________________

And MR. Albert and Lenny have fallen in!


_____________________________________________________________________

Господин Албер и Леон смело влизат в нея.

_____________________________________________________________________

on passe près, dis-donc !


_____________________________________________________________________

We’re a little close for comfort ourselves.


_____________________________________________________________________

Невероятно, съвсем близо сме!

_____________________________________________________________________

Est-ce qu'on peut faire quelque chose pour Léon et monsieur Albert ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Is there any way we can help Lenny and MR. Albert ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Можем ли да направим нещо за Леон и господин Албер?


_____________________________________________________________________

Impossible, nos géodésiques n'ont pas l'air de devoir se croiser.


_____________________________________________________________________

No. Our geodesics don’t cross.


_____________________________________________________________________

Невъзможно е. Геодезическите ни линии няма да се пресекат.

_____________________________________________________________________

57

Est-ce que tu les vois ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Can you see them ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Виждаш ли ги?

_____________________________________________________________________

Le fond du trou noir apparaît complètement opaque.


_____________________________________________________________________

The bottom of the black hole is totally opaque.


_____________________________________________________________________

Дъното на дупката е непрогледно.

_____________________________________________________________________

Je les vois encore, mais leur chronoscaphe est devenu d'une couleur rouge sombre


_____________________________________________________________________

I can still see them, but their chronoscaphe has gone a dull orange color.


_____________________________________________________________________

Все още ги виждам, но хроноскафът им стана тъмночервен.

_____________________________________________________________________

Allô, monsieur Albert, Léon est-ce que vous me recevez ?

_____________________________________________________________________

Hallo ? MR. Albert ? Lenny ? Are you receiving me ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Ало! Господин Албер, Леон! Чувате ли ме?

_____________________________________________________________________

Je n'y comprends rien. Sa voix est devenue suraiguë et il parle trop vite


_____________________________________________________________________

It’s bafflin’. 'is voice 'as gorn squeaky an’ 'e's talkin’ too quick. Sounds like Donald Duck.


_____________________________________________________________________

Нищо не разбирам. Гласът му е креслив и говори много бързо. _____________________________________________________________________

Sa voix est de plus en plus grave. On dirait un disque qui s'arrête !?!
_____________________________________________________________________

His voice is getting deeper and deeper, like a record slowing down !


_____________________________________________________________________

Гласът му заглъхва все повече и повече, като диск, който спира.

_____________________________________________________________________

AHHDTEUHHH...


_____________________________________________________________________

AHHDTEUHHH...


_____________________________________________________________________

AХХДТУУУХХ...


_____________________________________________________________________

Problèmes de communication, quand on vit dans des "bulles de temps" bien différentes.


_____________________________________________________________________

There are communication problems when you live in very different "time zones."


_____________________________________________________________________

Когато хората са в съвсем различни „времеви зони”, има проблеми с комуникациите.

_____________________________________________________________________

58

QUESTION DE TEMPS


_____________________________________________________________________

A MATTER OF TIME
_____________________________________________________________________

ВРЕМЕТО

_____________________________________________________________________

Plus Albert et Léon s'enfoncent profondément dans le CHRONOL et plus la pression extérieure PE croit, donc mois leur clepsydre débite, moins le temps s'écoule dans leur

chronoscaphe.


_____________________________________________________________________

The deeper MR. Albert and Lenny sink into the chronol, the more the outside pressure PE

increases, the slower the clepsydra runs out of chronol, and the slower time flows in their chronoscaphe.
_____________________________________________________________________

Колкото по-надълбоко във ВРЕМЕТО се спускат господин Албер и Леон и колкото повече расте външното налягане PE, толкова по-малък разход има водният часовник и толкова по-малко време минава в техния хроноскаф.


_____________________________________________________________________

Quand ils atteindront le fond des choses et la vitesse de la lumière, leur horloge hydraulique de bord aura débité une quantité limitée de chronol, ce qui signifie que ce trajet aura été effectué en temps FINI.

Mais si, Sophie, Anselme, Max et Tirésias pouvaient continuer de suivre leur chute, celle-ci leur semblerait interminable.

La lumière émise par leur chronoscaphe sombre vite dans l'infrarouge hors du domaine

de la lumière visible, tandis que leur message radio glisse dans l'infrason.
_____________________________________________________________________

When they get down to the bottom of things, at the speed of light, their water-clock has lost only a limited amount of chronol, which means that they reach the bottom in a finite time, according to the time flowing in their own chronoscaphe.

But if Sophie, Archie, Max, and Tiresias could continue to track their descent, to them it would seem interminable.

The light emitted by the chronoscaphe would drop deep into the infrared, below the range of visible light, while the radio message would sound lower and lower and slower and slower.


_____________________________________________________________________

Когато достигнат до дъното и скоростта на светлината, техният воден часовник ще изразходва ограничено количество време, което означава, че те са изминали този път за ОГРАНИЧЕНО време.

Но ако Софи, Анселм, Макс и Тирезий продължат да падат надолу, то тяхното падане ще им се стори безкрайно.

Светлината, излъчвана от техния хроноскаф, ще потъмнее, ще попадне в инфрачервената област, отвъд видимата светлина, а съобщенията им по радиопредавателя ще преминат в инфразвук.

_____________________________________________________________________

Cela me rappelle le paradoxe d'Achille, qui tente de s'approcher de la tortue en diminuant

À CHAQUE FOIS la distance qui l'en sépare par deux. Il y parvient en un temps fini.
_____________________________________________________________________

It reminds me of the paradox of Achilles and the snail. Achilles tries to catch the snail, by repeatedly halving the distance between them. You’d think it would go on forever, but the steps add up to a finite total time.


_____________________________________________________________________

Това ми напомня за парадокса за Ахил и костенурката, който в опита си да се приближи до нея намалява ВСЕКИ ПЪТ двойно разстоянието, което ги дели, но клони към 0.

_____________________________________________________________________

59

Voici, dans ce modèle du COSMIC PARK, une image du trou noir. Le poinçon a complètement défoncé l'espace-temps jusqu'au centre, où règne la vitesse de la lumière.



Toutes les nappes en ce point deviennent tangentes à un cône de demi-angle au sommet α

_____________________________________________________________________

Here is a picture of a BLAK HOLE, according to the Cosmic Park model. The spike has penetrated all the way to the center of space-time, where the speed is that of light. All the layers have become tangent to a cone with vertex semi-angle α.
_____________________________________________________________________
В този модел на КОСМИЧЕСКИЯ ПАРК е представена схема на черна дупка. Острието почти изцяло е проникнало във времепространството до центъра, където цари скоростта на светлината. Всички пластове в тази точка стават допирателни до конус с половин ъгъл и връх α.

_____________________________________________________________________

Cône horizon
_____________________________________________________________________

Horizon cone


_____________________________________________________________________

Конус на хоризонта

_____________________________________________________________________
Dans ce modèle, la distance est en fait un ANGLE entre deux rayons vecteurs :

exemple OM et OC.

En regardant le dessin ci-dessus, on s'aperçoit que l'on ne pénètre jamais à l'intérieur du

cône de demi angle au sommet α. Pour un observateur qui séjournerait à la surface du CHRONOL, c'est-à-dire à l'état de repos, et qui ne concevrait pas cette courbure de

l'espace-temps, cette frontière du trou noir, appelée HORIZON, apparaîtrait suivant un CERCLE qui serait franchi à la vitesse de la lumière.

_____________________________________________________________________

In this model, distance is actually an angle between two radial vectors, such as OM and OC . From the diagram above you can see that nothing can penetrate inside this cone with semi-angle α. Imagine an observe in a rest state at the surface of the chronol, who doesn’t realize space-time is curved. To him, the frontier of the black hole – the EVENT HORIZON – looks like a CIRCLE, which is reached at the speed of light.

_____________________________________________________________________

В този модел разстоянието всъщност е ЪГЪЛ между два векторни лъча, например OM и OC.

Наблюдавайки рисунката отгоре, забелязваме, че никога не проникваме във вътрешността на конуса с половин ъгъл и връх α. За наблюдател, който се намира на повърхността на ВРЕМЕТО, тоест, в състояние на покой, и който няма да забележи тази кривина по времепространството, тази граница на черната дупка, наречена ХОРИЗОНТ НА СЪБИТИЯТА, ще се появи като КРЪГ, който ще се пресече със скоростта на светлината.

_____________________________________________________________________

cône horizon


_____________________________________________________________________

Horizon cone


_____________________________________________________________________

конус на хоризонта на събитията

_____________________________________________________________________

60

ÉTAT DE REPOS


_____________________________________________________________________

REST STATE


_____________________________________________________________________

СЪСТОЯНИЕ НА ПОКОЙ

_____________________________________________________________________

Oh, regarde, nous voilà revenus près de notre point de départ, près du chronoscaphe n°3,

qui est resté immobile.

_____________________________________________________________________

Oh look, this is where we came in – black at chronoscaphe #3, which hasn’t moved.
_____________________________________________________________________

О, виж, върнахме се в изходната точка, близо до хроноскаф № 3, който остана неподвижен.

_____________________________________________________________________

Notre excursion autour du trou noir a freiné notre vieillissement. Si l'un de nous était resté

dans ce chronoscaphe au repos, il aurait peut-être attendu notre retour pendant des centaines ou des milliers d'années !

_____________________________________________________________________

Our little excursion around the black hole has slowed down our aging processes. If one of us had stayed at rest in the third chronoscaphe, he would have had to wait hundreds or maybe millions of years for our return.

_____________________________________________________________________

Нашата разходка около черната дупка забави остаряването ни. Ако един от нас бе останал в този хроноскаф в състояние на покой, той щеше да очаква завръщането ни в продължение на стотици или хиляди години!

_____________________________________________________________________

où mènent les trous noirs ?
_____________________________________________________________________

Where do black holes lead to ?

_____________________________________________________________________

Къде отвеждат черните дупки?

_____________________________________________________________________

Personne n'en sait rien. La théorie montre qu'un anti trou noir pourrait exister.


_____________________________________________________________________

Nobody knows. According to the theorists, an anti-black hole could exist.


_____________________________________________________________________

Никой не знае. Според учените е възможно да съществуват и черни анти-дупки.

_____________________________________________________________________

C'est-à-dire un objet où on ne pourrait jamais entrer. On ne pourrait qu'en sortir.


_____________________________________________________________________

That would be a region that nobody could enter. All you could do would be to come out

of it ! Wow !
_____________________________________________________________________

Тоест, обект, в които никой не може да влезе, а само да излезе.

_____________________________________________________________________

une FONTAINE BLANCHE


_____________________________________________________________________

A WHITE FOUNTAIN


_____________________________________________________________________

БЯЛА ДУПКА _____________________________________________________________________

61

Voici, dans le modèle du COSMIC PARK à quoi pourrait ressembler un couple



trou noir - fontaine blanche
_____________________________________________________________________

In the Cosmic Park model, here’s a way you could join up a black hole / white fountain pair.


_____________________________________________________________________

Ето как ще изглежда модел на КОСМИЧЕСКИЯ ПАРК, в който има черна и бяла дупка.

_____________________________________________________________________

c'est le MÊME objet, mais avec une orientation inverse des géodésiques.


_____________________________________________________________________

The white fountain is exactly the same, except that its geodesics have their orientation reversed.

_____________________________________________________________________

Това е СЪЩИЯТ обект, но с обратно разположение на геодезическите линии.


_____________________________________________________________________

Mais qu'y a-t-il DANS le trou noir, au delà de l'HORIZON ?

Est-ce qu'il n'y a ... RIEN ?!?

_____________________________________________________________________

But wot’s H’INSIDE a black 'ole, over the blikin’ 'ORIZON ? Is it just a load of ...

NUFFIN’ ?

_____________________________________________________________________

Но какво има ВЪТРЕ В черната дупка, отвъд ХОРИЗОНТА НА СЪБИТИЯТА? НИЩО ли няма. _____________________________________________________________________

L'intérieur du trou noir serait-il du RIEN à l'état pur ?...
_____________________________________________________________________

You mean that the interior of a black hole is pure NONEXISTENCE ?


_____________________________________________________________________

Вътрешността на черната дупка може би е НИЩО в чист вид?

_____________________________________________________________________

Mais non ! "l'intérieur" du trou noir serait tout simplement l'extérieur de la fontaine

blanche associée
_____________________________________________________________________

No, no ! The "interior" of the black hole is just the exterior of its associated white fountain.


_____________________________________________________________________

Не е така! „Вътрешността” на черната дупка е просто външната част на прилежащата бяла дупка.

_____________________________________________________________________

On remarquera, dans ce modèle, la structure TROU NOIR – FONTAINE BLANCHE

donne à tous les feuillets du Cosmic Park l'allure de surfaces inorientables, à un seul côté,

le "passage" inversant les objets.

Par exemple un R se retrouve selon un Я.

_____________________________________________________________________

The alert reader will have noticed that in this model the black hole / white fountain pair gives all the layers of Cosmic Park the structure of a nonorientable surface, with only one side. Passage through the hole sends objects into their mirror images.

For example, R comes out as Я.

_____________________________________________________________________

Да отбележим, че на тази схема структурата ЧЕРНА ДУПКА – БЯЛА ДУПКА придава на всички слоеве на Космическия парк вид на повърхности, които се движат без посока, на една страна. Виждаме огледалното изображение на обектите, които преминават през черната сдупка.

Например R става Я.

______________ _______________________________________________________

62




Сподели с приятели:
1   2   3   4   5   6




©obuch.info 2024
отнасят до администрацията

    Начална страница