98 Thomsen, Vilhelm The Relation between Ancient Russia and Scandinavia and the Origin of the Russian State, Oxford 1877
99 Пак там
100 Forte, Angelo; Oram, Richard & Pedersen Frederik Viking Empires, Cambridge 2005, pages 12-15
101 Blue L, Hocker F, Englert A Connected by the Sea. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology Roskilde 2003, Roskilde 2006
102 Brøgger, A.W. & H. Shetelig The Viking Ships - Their Ancestry and Evolution. Oslo 1971
103 Jesch, Judith Ships and Men in the late Viking Age: the Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse, Nottingham 2001
104 Moravcsik, G. & Jenkins R. J. (trans.) Constantine VII De administrando imperio 1967
105 Пак там
106 Пам так
107 Crumlin-Pedersen, O Viking-Age Ships and Shipbuilding in Hedeby/Haithabu and Schleswig. Ships and Boats of the North 2, Roskilde 1997
108 Пак там
109 Bill, J. “Ships and Seamanship, In: Peter Sawyer’s Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings, Oxford 1997, pages 182 - 201
110 Moravcsik, G. & Jenkins R. J. (trans.) Constantine VII De administrando imperio 1967
111 Blue, L., F. Hocker & A. Englert Connected by the Sea. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Boat and Ship Archaeology Roskilde 2003, Oxbow 2006
112 Brøgger, A.W. & H. Shetelig The Viking Ships – Their Ancestry and Evolution, Oslo 1971
113 Duczko, W. Viking Rus, Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe, Boston 2004
114 Jesch, Judith Ships and Men in the late Viking Age: the Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse, Nottingham 2001
115 Brogger A. W. & Shetelig H. The Viking Ships: Their Ancestry and Evolution, Oslo 1955
120 Crumlin-Pedersen, O Ships as Indicators of Trade in Northern Europe 600-1200, Oslo 1999
121 Пак там
122 Christensen, A.E., Ingstad, A.S & Myhre B. Osebergdronningens Grav, Oslo 1992
123 Crumlin-Pedersen O & Thye B.M “The ship as symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia”, In: Studies in Archaeology & History, No. 1, Copenhagen 1995
125 Стурлусон, Снори „Саги за кралете на Севера”, том първи, София, 2003, стр. 147 - 241
126 Hale, J. R. “The Viking Longship”, In: Scientific American, 1998, pages 58-66
127 Brogger, A. W. The Viking Ships, their Ancestry and Evolution, Oslo 1951
128 Пак там
129 Crumlim-Pedersen, Ole The Skuldelev Ships, The Viking Ship Museum and the National Museum of Denmark.
130 Jesch, Judith Ships and Men in the late Viking Age: the Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse, Nottingham 2001
131 Пак там
132 Hutchinson, G. MedievalShipsandShipping. Leicester University Press. London 1994
133 Jesch, Judith Ships and Men in the late Viking Age: the Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse, Nottingham 2001
134 Crumlin-Pedersen O & Thye B.M “The ship as symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia”, In: Studies in Archaeology & History, No. 1, Copenhagen 1995
136 Crumlin-Pedersen O & Thye B.M “The ship as symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia”, In: Studies in Archaeology & History, No. 1, Copenhagen 1995
137 Hutchinson, G.Medieval Ships and Shipping, London 1994
138 Пак там
139 Jesch, Judith Ships and Men in the late Viking Age: the Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse, Nottingham 2001
140 Пак там
141 Rasmus Nyerup Historisk-statistiskSkildringafTilstandenIDanmarkogNorge, e äldreognyeretider, Soldin, 2013, s. 92
142 Пак там
143 Jesch, Judith Ships and Men in the late Viking Age: the Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse, Nottingham 2001
144 Jensen, Jørgen Denmarks oldtid: Yngre Jernalder og Vikingetid 400-1050 e. Kr., Gyldendal, 2001 s 413
145 Brøgger, A.W. & Shetelig, H The Viking Ships. Their Ancestry and Evolution, Oslo 1951
146 Crumlin-Pedersen O & Thye B.M “The ship as symbol in prehistoric and medieval Scandinavia”, In: Studies in Archaeology & History, No. 1, Copenhagen 1995
147 Интересно съвпадение е, че именно дъбът е фундаменталният дървесен вид, обожествяван в редица индоевропейски вярвания – от древните латини, та включително и германските и келтските общности.
148 Juel, H Roar’s Circle – a Viking Ship returns to the Sea, Cambridge 2005
149 Пак там
150 Пак там
151 Crumlim-Pedersen, Ole The Skuldelev Ships, The Viking Ship Museum and the National Museum of Denmark
152 Пак там
153 Пак там
154 McGrail, S., 1993: Medieval Boat and Ship Timbers from Dublin. National Museum of Ireland. Medieval Dublin Excavations 1962-81. Ser. B, 3. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy
155 Crumlim-Pedersen, Ole The Skuldelev Ships, The Viking Ship Museum and the National Museum of Denmark
156 Пак там
157 Пак там
158 Varenius, B. Det nordiska skeppet. Teknologi och samhällsstrategi i vikingatid och medeltid. Stockholm 1992
159 Jesch, Judith Ships and Men in the late Viking Age: the Vocabulary of Runic Inscriptions and Skaldic Verse, Nottingham 2001
160 Christensen, A.E, Ingstad, A.I. & Myhre Osebergdronningens grav. Vår arkeologiske nasjonalskatt i nytt lys, Oslo 1994
161 Brøgger, A.W., Falk, H. & Shetelig, H. Osebergfundet, 4 vols, Oslo 1928
162 Пак там
163 Пак там
164 Holck, P “The Oseberg ship burial, Norway: new thoughts on the skeletons from the grave mound”, In: European Journal of Archaeology, 2008, Vol. 9, No. 3: 185-210
165 Christensen, A.E, Ingstad, A.I. & Myhre Osebergdronningens grav. Vår arkeologiske nasjonalskatt i nytt lys, Oslo 1994
166 Пак там
167 Hanak, Walter K. “The Infamous Svjatoslav: Master of Duplicity in War and Peace?”, In: Miller, Timothy S.; Nesbitt, John Peace and War in Byzantium: Essays in Honor of George T. Dennis, S.J, Washington 1995
168 Duczko, W. Viking Rus, Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe, Boston 2004
169 Брюсова, В.Г „Русско-визатийские отношения середины ХI века”, В: Вопросы истории, 1973, Но. 3, стр. 51-62
170 Duczko, W. Viking Rus, Studies on the Presence of Scandinavians in Eastern Europe, Boston 2004
171 Blöndal, S & Benedikz, B.S The Varangians of Byzantium. An Aspect of Byzantine Military History, Cambridge 1978
172 Василиевски, Василий „Русско-византийския исследовалния”, Санкт-Петерсбург, 1893
173 Пак там
174 Vernadsky, George “The Problem of the Early Russian Campaigns in the Black Sea Area”, In: American Slavic and East European Review 1949; Volume 8, No. 1, p. 1-9
175 Василиевски, Василий „Русско-византийския исследовалния”, Санкт-Петерсбург, 1893
176 Пак там
177 Пак там
178 Vernadsky, George “The Problem of the Early Russian Campaigns in the Black Sea Area”, In: American Slavic and East European Review 1949; Volume 8, No. 1, p. 1-9
179 Сакхаров, Андрей „Дипломати ядревней Руси: IX – первая половина Х в.” Москва 1980
180 Logan, Donald The Vikings in History, Routledge 1992
181 Брюсова, В.Г „Русско-визатийские отношения середины ХI века”, В: Вопросы истории, 1973, Но. 3, стр. 51-62
182 Vasiliev, Alexander The Russian Attack on Constantinople in 860, Cambridge 1925
190 Сакхаров, Андрей „Дипломати ядревней Руси: IX – первая половина Х в.” Москва 1980
191 Squatriti, Paolo (trans.) The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona, Washington 2007
192 Uspensky, Fyodor The History of the Byzantine Empire 2, Moscow 1997
193 Божилов, Иван & Гюзелев Васил „История на България в три тома”, том първи, София 1999
194 Пак там
195 Пак там
196 Гюзелев, Васил и колектив „Викингите – мореплаватели, откриватели, създатели.”, София 2001
197 Vernadsky, George “The Byzantine-Russian War of 1043”, In: Sudostforschungen, No XII, Munchen 1953
198 Брюсова, В. Г. „Русско-византийския отношения середины ХI века”, В: Вопросы истории, 1973
199 Пак там
200 Пак там
201 Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia an dall of Ruthenia of Kiev, Moscow, Novgorod… (full text in Polish: Kronika polska, litewska, żmódzka i wszystkiéj Rusi Macieja Stryjkowskiego), Warsaw 1985
202 Брюсова, В. Г. „Русско-византийския отношения середины ХI века”, В: Вопросы истории, 1973
203 Franklin, Simon Byzantium-Rus-Russia, Michigan 2002
204 Пак там
205 Петрухин, В.Я „Начало этнокультурной истории Руси IX–XI веков”, Смоленск 1995
206 Lind, John “Varangians in Europe’s Eastern and Northern Periphery”, In: Ennen & nyt, Volume 4, 1997
207 Пак там
208 Uspensky, Fyodor The History of the Byzantine Empire, Vol. 2, Moscow 1997
209 Lind, John “Varangians in Europe’s Eastern and Northern Periphery”, In: Ennen & nyt, Volume 4, 1997
210 Пак там
211 Левченко, М.В „Очерки по истории русско-византийских отношений”, Москва 1956, с. 556
212 Литаврин, Г.Г. „Условия пребывания древних русов в Константинополе в X в. и их юридический статус”, В: Византийский временник, 1993
213 Левченко, М.В „Очерки по истории русско-византийских отношений”, Москва 1956
214 Литаврин, Г.Г. „Условия пребывания древних русов в Константинополе в X в. и их юридический статус”, В: Византийский временник, 1993
215 Бибиков, М.В „Русь в византийской дипломатии: договоры Руси с греками X в.”, В: Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики, № 1(19), 2005
216 Левченко, М.В „Очерки по истории русско-византийских отношений”, Москва 1956
217 Литаврин, Г.Г. „Условия пребывания древних русов в Константинополе в X в. и их юридический статус”, В: Византийский временник, 1993
218 Перетц Адрианов (перев.) „Повестъ временных лет”, Москва 1950
219 Литаврин, Г.Г. „Условия пребывания древних русов в Константинополе в X в. и их юридический статус”, В: Византийский временник, 1993
220 Пак там
221 Пак там
222 Божилов, Иван & Гюзелев Васил „История на България в три тома”, том първи, София 1999
223 Пак там
224 Бибиков, М.В „Русь в византийской дипломатии: договоры Руси с греками X в.”, В: Древняя Русь. Вопросы медиевистики, № 1(19), 2005
225 Левченко, М.В „Очерки по истории русско-византийских отношений”, Москва 1956
226 Пак там
227 Звягин Ю.Ю „Путь из варяг в греки. Тысячелетняя загадка истории”, Москва 2009
228 Пак там
229 Спомняме си участието на източни викинги във византийското пратеничество в Ингелхайм във Франкската империя, за което пише историци и археолози нато поляка Дучко (Duczko).