particu-lar (tables IV.l, 2, VI.1-4). The spherical vessels with a mouth edge, which is thickened on the inside, are more rarely found, as well as the cy-lindrical-spherical and the S-shaped vessels (tables IV.3, V.l-5, 7). Several types of dishes have been registered: conical, conical with plastic ap-pendages on the mouth or with a mouth edge, which is thickened on the inside (tables V.8-10). Some ofthe dishes have been put on a hollow conical stool (table VII 1.8). Two vessels have an interesting cylinclrical-conical shape, one of them being rather large (tables VIII.l, 3) and having a plastic appendage on the upper part ofthe handle.
ORNAMENTATION TECHNIQUE: The ornamentation has been executed using two colors:
- red or winc-red;
- black or brown.
Some larger areas, completely covered with red or wine-red paint, are confined by a black or a brown line, with a width of 2 inni to 7 mm. Some cases have been registered when black lines were laid on red paint (table V.8, 9). The outer side has been ornamented, but there are cases when there is an ornamentation on the inner side too, especially among the dishes (tables V.8, 9, VIII.5, 6).
MOTIFS: Line motifs ol horizontal, vertical, and oblique lines with a width of 1 cm to 5.5 cm prevail (tables V.l-5, 6, 7, 10, VI.l, 2, 4-10, 13, VII.1-3, Vili.2-8). There are also motifs of geometrie shapes like circle, ellipse, and senii-ellipse (tables IV.l, 2, V.ll, 12, VI.11, Villi), as well as larger motifs with an indefinite shape (table VII.4). Oftentimes, in such cases the ef-fect of a negative motif is achieved, most often a triangle (tables IV.3, V.4) or an ellipse (table VI.12).
COMPOSITION: The material, that has been analyzed, is rather fragmentée! and only in rare occasions deeper analyses cari be executed and conclusions сап be drawn about the composition and its rules. The horizontal belts stress the mouth or the middle edge, vertical belts are présent on amphora handles, and oblique belts сап be found both in the area under the mouth
PRAE
• '■
|
Balgarczewo
|
Plagioclases
|
1.200
|
|
2. Sample
|
BG-Bal-P7
|
Fr. of sed. rock
|
0
|
%
|
3. Colour
|
redish
|
Fr. of mag. rocks
|
1.200
|
%
|
4. Fracture
|
|
Fr. of med. rocks
|
0.400
|
%
|
- internal
|
redish
|
Muscovite
|
0.800
|
%
|
- central
|
rcdish
|
Biolite
|
l .400
|
%
|
- external
|
rcdish
|
Heavy minerals
|
0.400
|
%
|
5. Finger grooved
|
Yes
|
Fr. of pottery
|
0
|
%
|
6. Enmel
|
absent
|
Carbonates
|
0
|
%
|
7. Painting
|
Brown
|
other
|
0 %
|
8. Gravering
|
|
11. Grain size comp.
|
|
- lines
|
Not
|
15-60 Lim
|
62
|
%
|
- points
|
Not
|
60-100 um
|
15.0
|
|
-zygzag
|
Not
|
100-200 pm
|
15.0
|
%
|
9. Temp, of firing
|
700° C
|
200-400 Lin
|
8,00 %
|
10. Mineral comp.
|
|
400-1000 ii:
|
0
|
%
|
Clay mss
|
61 %
|
1000-2000 un
|
0
|
%
|
Quart/.
|
23.9 %
|
> 2000 Lin
|
0
|
K-feldsparts
|
9.40 %
|
12. Frequency
|
no data
|
Table I. Mineralogical-granulometric analysis ofa fragment with a polychromatic ornamentation
from the village of Balgarchevo
and on the body.
Spécial attention should be paid to two fragments from kantharos-like vessels from Damyanitza and Topolnitza (tables IV. 1, 2). They represent one and the same composition of semi-ellipses, locatcd on the two sides of the neck, and large cir-cular areas on the body. A vertical black line passes along the middle part of the hanclle and empha-sizes the symmetry of the composition.
A positive-négative composition has been registered on an S-shaped vessel (table IV.3). The area under the mouth is filled up with semi-ellipses, and the middle part of the body is covered with a wide belt. A négative motif-triangle results on the shoulders of the vessel.
A fragment, found in Bulgarchevo, is an exception of the above characterization (table VII.5). It is a part of a dish, which had been probably put on a amical stool. The vessel is made of beige, very carefully purified clay, but pores have appeared as a resuit of the firing. The engobe has almost eliminated this effect on the outer surface, but it is very well seen on the inner side. The composition is performed with red and brown paint. The red paint covers larg-er areas (belts), and the brown Unes pass over it. The inner side of the vessel has been painted densely in red as well.
The polychromatic ceramics has been registered in some settlements in Northern Greece. In the valley of the Struma River, it is présent in Dimitra (French 1964, fig. 4.20-22, 5.1-3), Gal-Iepsos (Schachermeyr 1955, abb. 23.5, 10), and Acropotamos-Group C (Myloxas 1941, 559). In Dimitra it is characteristic of phase Dimitía III, along with graphite décoration, incised and painted in "black on red" style (Gram.meno.s 1991, 75, pin. 46, 460-462). The polychromatic ceramics is a rare phenomenon to the east, in the Dramska lowland. Only two fragments are known, which were found in the phase Sitagri 111 (Renfrew etal. 1986, 403, Fig. 12,9.2; 12,10.7). To the west of the Struma valley, it has been registered in the valley of the Aliakmon River and in Servia (French 1970, 7, Ridley/Wardle 1979. 216). The polychromatic ceramics in the listed settlements has similar indicators (clay, shapes, motifs) to those of the ceramics from the val-
50
Malgozhata Grebska-Kulov
1. Site
|
Slrumsko
|
Plagioclases
|
0.600
|
%
|
2. Sample
|
BG-Stru-P16
|
Fr. of sed. rock
|
0 %
|
3. Colour
|
redish-brownwish
|
Fr. of mag. rocks
|
9.50
|
%
|
4. Fracture
|
|
Fr. of med. rocks
|
4.40
|
%
|
- internai
|
redish-brownwish
|
Muscovite
|
2.20 %
|
- central
|
redish-brownwish
|
Biotite
|
1.100
|
%
|
- external
|
redish-brownwish
|
Heavy minerais
|
0.3000 %
|
5. Finger grooved
|
Yes
|
Fr. of pottery
|
3.200
|
R. Enamel
|
absent
|
Carbonates
|
0 %
|
7. Painting
|
not paint.
|
other
|
1.60
|
%
|
8. Graveling
|
|
11 . Grain size comp.
|
|
- lines
|
Not
|
15-60 pr-n
|
31.0 %
|
- points
|
Not
|
60-100 nm
|
20.0 %
|
-zygzag
|
Not
|
100-200 um
|
33.0
|
%
|
9.Temp. of firing
|
|
200-400 Lin
|
8.00
|
|
10. Minerai comp.
|
|
400-1000 um
|
8.00
|
%
|
Clay mass
|
55%
|
1000-2000 um
|
0 %
|
Quartz
|
23.5 %
|
> 2000 Mm
|
0 %
|
K-feldsparts
|
2.20 %
|
12. Frequency
|
no data
|
Table II. Mineralogical-granulometric analysis of a fragment xvith a polychromatic ornamentation from the Strumsko neighborhood (Blagoevgrad)
1. Site
|
Topolnica
|
Plagioclasecs
|
0.800
|
%
|
2. Sample
|
BG-Top-12
|
Fr. of sed. rock
|
0
|
%
|
3. Colour
|
light
|
Fr. of mag. rocks
|
13.70 %
|
4. Fracture
|
|
Fr. of med. rocks
|
0 %
|
- internai
|
light
|
Muscovite
|
2.50
|
%
|
- central
|
light
|
Biotite
|
0.400
|
%
|
- external
|
light
|
Heavy minerais
|
0.2000
|
%
|
5. Finger grooved
|
Not
|
Fr. of pottery
|
0 %
|
6. Enamel
|
absent
|
Carbonates
|
0
|
%
|
7. Painting
|
Brown
|
other
|
4.30
|
8. Gravering
|
|
11. Grain size comp.
|
|
- lines
|
Not
|
15-60 Mm
|
58
|
%
|
- points
|
Not
|
60-100 [im
|
18.0
|
- zygzag
|
\ot
|
100-200 Mm
|
15.0 %
|
9.Temp. of firing
|
750°C
|
200-400 Mm
|
5.00 %
|
10. Minerai comp.
|
|
400-1000 Mm
|
2 0 %
|
Clay mass
|
39%
|
1000-2000 Mm
|
0 %
|
Quartz
|
35.2 %
|
> 20! 0 Mm
|
0
|
%
|
K-feldsparts
|
2.50%
|
12. Frequency
|
no data
|
Table III. Mineralogical-granulometric analysis of a fragment with a polychromatic ornamentation
from the village of Topolnica
Table IV.l. Topolnica; 2, 3 Damyanitza.
ley of middle Struma. Only one fragment from Dimitra stands out with its beige clay and bi-con-vex shape (French 1964, fig. 5.3).
There are two geographic regions where polychromatic ceramics is present: Thessalia and Asia Minor. The polychromatic ceramics in Thessalia appears during the phase Di-mini Tzangli and is especially popular during the Dimini Arapi phase (Hauptmann/Milojcic 1969, 29, 60-64). There are three types of polychromatic ceramics, which can be differentiated in the phase Dimini Tzangli, one of which is similar to ours - it has a red ornamentation, confined by a dark line on a light background (Démoule et al. 1988, 29-33). But the presence of a light background in the form of a white engobe is especially typical for Thessalia. In this respect, only a fragment from Bulgarchevo (table VII.5) exhibits greatest similarities.
Some fragments with a polychromatic ornamentation, which were found in Can Hasan, Asia Minor (French 1963, 39, fig. 6.13, 15, 7.1-2; French 1965, 121), are very similar to the material, we have presented. They offer the same color combinations: red belts, confined by black
Table V. 1-2, 4-5, 8-10. Damyanitza; 3, 6-7. Strumsko.
Table VI. 1. Balgarchevo; 2,4-5, 12. Damyanitza; 3, 6-11. Strumsko; 13. Topolnica.
52
Malgozhata Grebska-Kulov
Table VII. 1, 2, 5. Balgarchevo; 3-4. Damyanitza.
lines on a red or brown-red background, simi-lar motifs, as weil as shapes. The polychromatic ceramics appears in the phase Chan Hasan 2A.(, which is referred to the middle Chalkolith and continues to exist tili the end of this phase. It is accompanied by painted ceramics - black on a red or beige background.
The polychromatic ceramics in the valley of middle Struma is closely related with the com-plex of red ceramics, which is characteristic of the last phase of Damyanitza and the earliest phase of Strumsko (Pernici ieva 1992, 224-225). The painted ceramics of type Acropotamos, local variant (group A), which exhibits notable similarities with respect to clay, shapes, and
Table VIII. 1-4, 6-7. Strumsko; 5, 8. Damyanitza.
evcn motifs, to the ceramics, wc bave presented, is belonging to this complex as well (Grebska-Kulov 1994).
The polychromatic ceramics in the valley of middle Struma is undoubtedly a local product, which has appeared on the basis of foreign influences. At the présent level of research it is hard to prove if it is related to the ceramics from Thessalia or Asia Minor. A fragment, found in Bulgarchevo, which reminds very much of the ceramics fiom Thessalia, could plead for this connection.
The polychromatic ceramics in the valley of middle Struma is an important chronological indicator for the end of the late Neolith and the beginning of the early Eneolith.
Références
Démoule et al. 1988
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