На статиите на д-р Милка Милчева Милева, представени при кандидатстване за хабилитация I. Публикации, свързани с дисертационната


Galantamine hydrobromide as an in vivo antioxidant in the ratt’s brain and liver (2004) Compt Rend Bulga Acad Sci, 57 (2) 103 – 108



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28. Galantamine hydrobromide as an in vivo antioxidant in the ratt’s brain and liver (2004) Compt Rend Bulga Acad Sci, 57 (2) 103 – 108

Traykova M., T. Traykov, M. Mileva





29. Evaluation of daily variationes of MDA levels in liver of mice long term exposed to different lighting conditions and treated by melatonin (2004) Anuarie de l’Universite de Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridski” 96 (4) 291 – 297
Bogoeva M., M.S.Mileva, M. M. Mileva, E. Gabev
Abstract: The daily variation of MDA levels in the liver were evaluated in ICR male mice which were long-term exposed to different conditions (LD12:12, LL and DD), food and water ad libidum. The MDA level was measured spectrophotometrically in liver’s homogenates by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The mice exposed for 4 weeks to LD12:12 were sacrificed every 4 hours during 24 h span and representative liver samples were taken out and immediately frozen. Four animals were used for each experimental time point. The mice exposed to LL (150 lux) or to DD were processed by the same way, but beginning of fourth week the half of them were daily i. p. injected with melatonin (700 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg respectively; 7 das) and the rest one by saline only. Three hours post the injection the experimental mice were sacrificed every 4 h during 24 h span the liver samples collected. The time series data of MDA levels were statistically processed by ANOVA and treated by Cosinor. The obtained results showed that the differences of daily mean MDA levels are not statistically significant (p>0.05) under the examined lighting conditions. However, a significant lowering of the daily mean MDA levels by about 35-50% (p<0,5) depending on the applied dose was observed in the experiments with daily melatonin treatment. Using Cosinor analysis circadian of MDA levels in the liver of ICR mice were under studied experimental conditions.

30. Effects of Rutin and Quercetin on the “oxidative stress”, induced by influenza virus in mice alveolocytes (2004) In: "Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium of the International Society of Rare Sugars", Ed. K. Izumori, Kagawa University Press, Takamatsu, Japan, 2005, pp.64-69
Mileva M., R. Bakalova, G. Zlateva, A. S. Galabov, H. Ohba, M. Ishikawa, Y. Baba
Abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of two flavonoids – quercetin (aglicone) and its sugar-containing homologue rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside), on the “oxidative stress” in alveolocytes, isolated from influenza virus inoculated mice. The results demonstrated that influenza virus infection A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) was accompanied with a significant increase of the endogenous lipid peroxidation products and a decrease of natural antioxidants vitamin E and glutathione in mice alveolocytes. Influenza virus sensitized the cells against exogenous prooxidant agents as xanthine-xanthine oxidase, free Fe2+ and (Fe2+ + ascorbate). Supplementation of mice with quercetin or rutin separately or in combination protected the alveolocytes against lipid peroxidation induction and enhancement of virus titer in the inoculated mice. Moreover, both substances increased the resistance of alveolocytes against exogenous prooxidant agents. Applying separately, rutin demonstrated most well expressed antioxidant effect than quercetin. A combination of both flavonoids manifested a synergistic antioxidant activity. It was established that the sugar part of rutin molecule plays an important role in the protection of alveolocytes against influenza virus-induced “oxidative stress”, as well as in the enhancement of the cell resistance against exogenous prooxidants. In this context, rutin-rich plant products can be considered as a promising source with considerable anti-inflammation and antioxidant efficiency.
31. Comparison the effect of plant polyphenols Quercetin and Rutin on oxidative damages in liver of influenza virus infected mice (2005) Pharmacia LII, 1-2/2005, 99 – 101.
Mileva M., G. Zlateva, A. S. Galabov

Summary: In this paper an investigation and comparison of the effects of plant flavonoid polyphenols quercetin ant its sugar-containing homologue (rutinoside) rutin on the “oxidative stress” in liver, isolated from influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (2.0 of LD50) inoculated mice, is carried out. It was found that experimental influenza virus infection is accompanied with a significant increase of lipid peroxidation products and a decrease of natural antioxidants vitamin E. The preliminary (5 days) supplementation of mice with rutin, quercetin or its combination and their subsequent virus inoculation was accompanied with accumulation of lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and fluorescent lipofuscine-like products and of higher levels of endogenous vitamin E in comparison with animals, subjected to influenza virus infection only. The protective effect of rutin against influenza virus-induced lipid peroxidation in liver was better expressed than the effect of quercetin may be due to containing of rutinoside part.




32. Antioxidant characteristics of endoxan in some model systems in vitro (2005) Pharmacia 53 (4), pp. 18-20

Mileva M., L.Traikov, B. Deliiska

Summary: Endoxan (cyclophosphamide) is a cyclic propylene phosphamide ester of nitrogen mustard. The main advantage of chemotherapy is complete penetration of the tissues, reaching the most widely spread malignant cells. The difficulty lies in the necessity of achieving a specific cancerotoxic effect on the neoplastic cells without affecting healthy tissue too severely. It is one of the most useful cytotoxics available today. Endoxan is a "transport form" and as such it has a selective tumour affinity. It consists of a carrier molecule, a blocking group to make it inactive during the transport stage, and the active nitrogen mustard group. It is inactive in vitro. The cytotoxic action is presumably based on binding and inactivation of the cellular DNA. Active treatment of all neoplastic diseases of the reticulo-endothelial system, e.g. lymphomas, lymphosarcomas, reticulo-sarcomas. Hodgkin's disease, chronic lymphatic leukaemias, multiple myelomas. Endoxan was tested at liposomal, liver homogenate and brain homogenate model systems with Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation, and products from that reaction MDA are evaluate spectrophotometry. Endoxan in investigated concentrations 10-3; 10-4 M, do not change Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in our model systems in vitro. Results obtained at the present study suggest that еndoxan could be used in insertion in liposomes due to еndoxan-oxidative tolerance and this could impact еndoxan tissue penetration.



33. Ciclophosphamide and oxidative stress (2005) Review Actual nephrology 2005. 5 : 2 (16) 12 – 14
Delijska B., M. Mileva
Summary: There is evidence that a variety of anticancer drugs exert their cytotoxic activity by free radical mediated mechanism. Cyclophosphamide administration changes the activity/levels of mitochondrial enzymic /superoxide dismutase, glutation peroxidase and glutation reductase/ and non-enzymic /reduced gluthation, ascorbate and alpha-tocopherol/ antioxidants. In the review were discussed some possibility of comedicatoin of antioxidant therapy with melatonone, alpha lipoic acid ect. to reduce the oxidative stress from cyclophosphamide.




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