Конкурс за избор на академична длъжност „професор

The phenotypic variation in osmotic adjustment (OA) capacity of five Bulgarian winter durum wheat genotypes and their progenies was determined using a modified method based on the measurement of seedling growth suppression after three-day exposure to osmotic stress induced by 1 mol/L sucrose. The genetic parameters of the studied trait in a diallel crossing scheme, including the selected genotypes and the microsatellite polymorphism at 43 loci, were determined. The old Bulgarian cultivar Apulicum 233 and all hybrid combinations involving this genotype showed higher OA. In the heritability of osmoregulation ability, the non-additive gene effects (specific combining ability) strongly predominated over the additive ones and had a significant impact on the observed high heterosis effect. Distinct polymorphisms were identified between the studied genotypes. Cluster analysis of the phenotypic data obtained from a multiyear test under water-limited conditions and the molecular data, both based on Euclidean distance, showed similar grouping of the genotypes with specific separation of cultivar Apulicum 233 (high OA) in a single cluster. Principal component analysis revealed not only interrelationships between the important agronomic and morpho-physiological traits in Bulgarian durum wheat under water-limited conditions, but also presence of relations between them and some microsatellite loci located near or within known quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for these traits. Further studies based on segregating population between genotypes with contrasting levels of OA will allow mapping QTLs for phenotypic traits expressed under water deficit and isolation of genes that can be used as potential markers in marker-assisted selection for drought tolerance.

22. 
    Bozhanova, V., Todorovska, E., Hadzhiivanovaa B., Dechev D., 2014, Obtaining of Interspecific Hybrids between Durum Wheat (2n =28) and Triticale (2n=42) and Molecular Evidence of Alien Introgressions in Advanced Backcross Line, Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, Special Issue: 1, 868-8743.
    

The hexaploid triticale is an amphidiploid obtained from the cross between durum wheat (2n=28) and rye (2n=14). It is characterizes with high protein content, resistance to biotic- (powdery mildew and rust) and abiotic (cold and drought) stress factors. The hybridization between durum wheat and triticale is complicated and is rarely applied in durum wheat breeding improvement. Here, we report the results of long-standing experiments for obtaining of interspecific hybrids between Bulgarian durum wheat genotypes as mother plants and triticale (2n=42) lines from CIMMYT – Mexico. Although the crossability between two species was relatively high, hybrid plants were obtained only by means of embryo rescue method, due to endosperm degeneration. All regenerated F1 hybrids were with low fertility and produced seeds with reduced endosperm and low viability. The F1 hybrids were backcrossed to the recurrent durum wheat genotypes. Strict and repeated selection of plants with durum wheat phenotype was performed in the segregation populations. Thirty-three SSRs mapped on the A, B and D genomes and chromosomes of common wheat were used for molecular characterization of one of the obtained advanced backcross lines. The SSR markers showed introgression of 10 chromatin segments from triticale in the studied backcross line in loci on chromosomes of several groups - 1(Хwmc 24-1AS, Xgwm 136-1АS, Xgwm 268-1BL), 2 (Xgwm 95-2AS), 3 (Xgwm 5-3АS), 4 (Xgwm 165-4AS, Xgwm 165-4BL) and 7 (Хwmc 9-7AL, Хwmc 83-7AS и Xgwm 400-7BS). In addition to introgressions, new recombinant alleles, which did not correspond correctly to the alleles of both parents, were detected in loci on chromosomes of 7 group (Xgwm 282-7AL, Хwmc 83-7AS, Xgwm 46-7BS, Xgwm400-7ВS) and in loci on chromosomes 2АL (Xgwm 312), 5AL (Xwmc 327) and 6BL gwm644).

22. 
    Манева, В., Атанасова, Д., Попова, Т., Найденов, М., Семерджиева, И., Георгиев, М., Николова, А., Желев, З., Тодоров, О., Божанова, В., Ценова, Т., Пенов, С., Найденова, Д., 2014. Фитосанитарен мониторинг, състояние на почвата и растенията в новосъздадено поле за биодинамично земеделие. Научни трудове. № 3, ИЗ – Карнобат, ССА, 223- 239.
    

В новосъздадено поле за биодинамично земеделие са отгледани зърнено-житни култури след предшественик грах. Направен е фитосанитарен мониторинг и е отчетено състоянието на почвата и растенията. Резултатите са сравнени с житни култури, отгледани при биологично и конвенционално земеделие.

In the newly created field of biodynamic farming are grown cereals after pea as predecessor. Phytosanitary monitoring was conducted and the soil conditions and plant development are reported. The results were compared with cereals grown under organic and conventional farming conditions. Key words: biodynamic agriculture, cereals crops, phytosanitary monitoring, soil, plants

22. 
    Panayotova, G., Valkova, N., Bozhanova, V., Kostadinova, S., 2014, Possibility for cotton growing under conditions of organic farming in Bulgaria, Journal of International Scientific Publications: Agriculture and Food Volume 2, ISSN 1314-8591 (Online), Published at: http://www.scientific-publications.net
    

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibilities for cotton varieties growing under conditions of organic farming. The research was carried out in the certificated field of the Field Crops Institute, Chirpan, Bulgaria in cotton-durum wheat crop-rotation under non-irrigated conditions. The results demonstrated that at organic production the new Bulgarian varieties realized good seed-cotton yield. The average total cotton yield was 1328 kg/ha, ranging from 1279 kg/ha fоr cultivar Boyana to 1372 kg/ha for Chirpan-539. Varieties Chirpan-539, Boyana and Darmi were identified as a high-yielding and adaptable to biological conditions. As a result of two-fold foliar application with "ALGA 300" in dose of 1l/ha the yield increased with 7.3 to 14.6 % compared to the untreated. Under the influence of field conditions and foliar application the variety Natalia formed most bolls per plant -3.48, and the boll weight was the highest in cultivar Helius -4.00 g.

27. 
    Танева, К., Драгов, Р., Петрова, И., Божанова, В., 2014, Изследване на качествени показатели в селекционни линии твърда пшеница. Научни трудове на Институт по земеделие - Карнобат, Том 3, N 2, 81-91, 2014.
    

In the investigation a technological evaluation of 26 breeding lines from durum wheat breeding program of Field Crops Institute — Chirpan was made. All genotypes were grown in field conditions in competitive variety trial during 2011/2012 and were analyzed for traits related to quality of grain, semolina and pasta products by standard methods and were compared to the standard variety Predel. The analyzed breeding lines are characterized with medium to large grain (34.1-45.2 g) and high vitreousness (over 80%). The yellow pigments content ranges from low 4,58 ppm (Ì-287) to high — 9.41 ppm (Ì-431 but only one line exceeds the standard variety Predel. Protein content in grain ranges from 15% (Ì-268) to 18% (Ì-269). Six lines Ì-287, Ì-376, Ì-6433, Ä-8063, Ì-269 è Ì-628 are distinguished with highest protein content and regardless of their lower gluten quality have the potential for good cooking properties. The line Ì431 was with the best cooking quality and combines high yellow pigments, good pasta color and high cooking quality.

Nedjalkova S., Z. Uhr, V. Bozhanova, P. Chavdarov, 2014. Investigation of resistance in wild and cultivated species of fam. Gramineae to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) and powdery mildew (Erisiphe graminis).

Three years investigation on resistance to (Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) and (Erisiphe graminis) at 5 durum wheat cultivars and accessions from wild and cultivated species of genus Triticum è Aegilops was conducted. The evaluation was carried out in FCI — Chirpan at artificial infectious background of aggressive races of the studied pathogens. All studied accessions from wild and cultivated species manifested higher resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew in comparison with durum wheat. The accessions of Tr. aegilopoides and Ae.ventricosa followed by Tr. dicoccum, Tr.polonicum è Ae. kotschyi were characterized with the highest resistance to the boph studied pathogenes. They can be included in the breeding program of durum wheat to create resistant to these diseases varieties.

Kew words: durum wheat, diseases resistance, wild and cultivated species, leaf rust, powdery mildew

29. 
    Божанова, В., Дечев, Д., 2015. Наследяване на признаци характеризиращи корена и продуктивността на класа в диалелна кръстоска от твърда пшеница, Научни трудове на Институт по земеделие - Карнобат, Том 3, N 2, 105-114
    

Five durum wheat cultivars were involved in diallel cross without reciprocal crosses. The inheritance of traits related to root and productivity of spike with a view to optimize breeding process at selection of drought resistant and productive lines was investigated. The general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of parent and heterosis effects of different hybrid combinations at investigated traits were estimated. The traits — root length, root weight and root volume are controlled from a complex genetic system related to additive and non additive gene actions. A prevalence of non additive genes action over the additive at inheritance of root traits was found. The coefficients of heritability were calculated and recommendations for leading of breeding process in investigated traits are made. The phenotypic correlations between root traits and traits related to productivity were studied.

29. 
    Тaneva, K., Bozhanova, V., Hadzhiivanova, B., 2015, Study of emmer (Triticum dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl.) accessions for traits related to spike productivity and grain quality in connection to durum wheat improvement, Agricultural Science and Technology
    

Emmer (Tr. dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl. (2n = 4x = 28) is a progenitor of cultivated wheat and it is considered as potential source of genes for important agronomical traits including grain quality. The aim of this study was to characterize emmer accessions for agronomic and grain quality traits in relation to durum wheat improvement. Fifteen emmer accessions were characterised in a 3-year field study (2010 – 2012) and compared to Bulgarian durum wheat standard cultivar Predel. Variation among genotypes for all studied traits was found. Most of emmer accessions are characterized by higher values for the traits spike length, grain protein and gluten content, and vitreousness and lower values for the traits kernel number per spike, kernel weight per spike and thousand grain weight in comparison with durum wheat standard cultivar. By analyses of variance the influence of genotype, year of cultivations and interaction between both factors on the variation of some studied traits was determined. Emmer accession № 45367 is distinguished with the best combination of traits related to spike productivity and grain quality – 1.95 g kernel weight per spike, 49.5 g thousand grain weight, 20.4% grain protein content, 41.9% gluten wet content and 99% grain vitreousness. The presented results reveal that some of the studied emmer accessions have potential to be involved in durum wheat breeding programme especially for grain quality traits improvement.

29. 
    Bozhanova, V., Loerz, H., 2015, Study of factors affecting sporophytic development of isolated durum wheat microspores, Agricultural Science and Technology, Vol.7, № 4, pp 407 – 410
    

A microspore culture technique is used to produce homozygous lines of agronomic interest in a single generation. Several factors affecting the efficiency of in vitro sporophytic development of durum wheat microspores such as genotype, stress preatreatment, density and co-cultivation of isolated microspore and induction medium were studied in order to develop a protocol for dihaploid plants production. Strong genotype dependence in in vitro response and callus/embryoid capacity was observed. Cultivated microspores developed into macrostructures only after cold pretreatment of the collected spikes at +4°C for 4 weeks. The best results were achieved at density 10000 microspores/ml on the mod. Chu Medium (Chu et al., 1990) + 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l 2,4D + 90 g/l maltosa with ovaries co-cultivation. A lot of macrostructures developed to embryoids, but only a few produced poorly-developed shoots – most of them were albinos.

29. 
    Танева, К., Драгов, Р., Петрова, И., Божанова, В., 2015, . Изследване на основни показатели свързани с качеството на зърното при генотипове твърда пшеница. Аграрен университет – Пловдив, Научни трудове, Том LIX, кн. 2, 75-86
    

Despite the substantial gain in production, food deficit and poverty are still troubling concern in many regions of the world. Today’s agriculture faces numerous challenges, including biodiversity and soil fertility loss, global warming, water availability and diminishing of labour. Genomics technologies in plants provide a major opportunity to address the responsibilities of agricultural production to human society. In the whole history of humankind, plants have been and will continue to be one of the most important resources for economic prosperity, environmental sustainability, healthier foods and medicines. Today’s agricultural genomics researchers have many technologies at their disposal. Both array-based SNP genotyping and next generation sequencing are used as a discovery and screening tools to assist in breeding decisions. The objective of the present review paper is to provide an overview of the major challenges facing the global food and agricultural system in the 21st century. The focus will be given to the use of genetics and genomics strategies as most promising tools for cereal improvement in Bulgaria and expanding the research for some specific challenges of climate change (drought, cold and salinity) and their impact on cereal crops.

Key message: Simultaneous improvement of protein content and grain yield by index selection is possible but its efficiency largely depends on the weighting of the single traits. The genetic architecture of these indices is similar to that of the primary traits. Grain yield and protein content are of major importance in durum wheat breeding, but their negative correlation has hampered their simultaneous improvement. To account for this in wheat breeding, the grain protein deviation (GPD) and the protein yield were proposed as targets for selection. The aim of this work was to investigate the potential of different indices to simultaneously improve grain yield and protein content in durum wheat and to evaluate their genetic architecture towards genomics-assisted breeding. To this end, we investigated two different durum wheat panels comprising 159 and 189 genotypes, which were tested in multiple field locations across Europe and genotyped by a genotyping-by-sequencing approach. The phenotypic analyses revealed significant genetic variances for all traits and heritabilities of the phenotypic indices that were in a similar range as those of grain yield and protein content. The GPD showed a high and positive correlation with protein content, whereas protein yield was highly and positively correlated with grain yield. Thus, selecting for a high GPD would mainly increase the protein content whereas a selection based on protein yield would mainly improve grain yield, but a combination of both indices allows to balance this selection. The genome-wide association mapping revealed a complex genetic architecture for all traits with most QTL having small effects and being detected only in one germplasm set, thus limiting the potential of marker-assisted selection for trait improvement. By contrast, genome-wide prediction appeared promising but its performance strongly depends on the relatedness between training and prediction sets.

Целта на това изследване е да бъде разработена ефективна технология, за клонално микроразмножаване на култивирана шипка сорт "Пловдив 1" и сорт " Вебецина 115 ". Експлантите използвани в експеримента са възлови сегменти с дължина 1.0 до 1.5 cm. получени от специално култивирани за целта майчини растения. Тези експланти се подлагат на комбиниран метод на стерилизация с 0.2% разтвор на HgCl2 в продължение на 3 мин., последвано от 0.5% разтвор на NaClO за 20 минути и 0.25% разтвор на NaClO за 30 минути. Най-добри резултати в периода на мултипликация се получени на среда MS основна с добавен ВАР в количество от 0.5 до 3.0 mg /l. След намножаване, младите издънки са поставени директно в торопочвена смес за вкореняване и адаптация. По този начин процесът на размножаване се съкращава, като се избягва периода на ин витро вкореняване.