JAR 25.143 General
(a) (See ACJ 25.143(a).) The aeroplane must
be safely controllable and manoeuvrable during –
(1) Take-off;
(2) Climb;
(3) Level flight;
(4) Descent; and
(5) Landing.
(b) (See ACJ 25.143(b).) It must be possible
to make a smooth transition from one flight
condition to any other flight condition without
exceptional piloting skill, alertness, or strength,
and without danger of exceeding the aeroplane
limit-load factor under any probable operating
conditions, including –
(1) The sudden failure of the critical
engine. (See ACJ 25.143(b)(1).)
(2) For aeroplanes with three or more
engines, the sudden failure of the second
critical engine when the aeroplane is in the en-route,
approach, or landing configuration and is
trimmed with the critical engine inoperative;
and
(3) Configuration changes, including
deployment or retraction of deceleration
devices.
[ (c) The following table prescribes, for
conventional wheel type controls, the maximum
control forces permitted during the testing
required by sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of this
paragraph. (See ACJ 25.143(c)):
(d) Approved operating procedures or
conventional operating practices must be followed
when demonstrating compliance with the control
force limitations for short term application that
are prescribed in sub-paragraph (c) of this
paragraph. The aeroplane must be in trim, or as
near to being in trim as practical, in the
immediately preceding steady flight condition.
For the take-off condition, the aeroplane must be
trimmed according to the approved operating
procedures.
(e) When demonstrating compliance with the
control force limitations for long term application
that are prescribed in sub-paragraph (c) of this
paragraph, the aeroplane must be in trim, or as
near to being in trim as practical.
(f) When manoeuvring at a constant airspeed
or Mach number (up to VFC/MFC), the stick forces
and the gradient of the stick force versus
manoeuvring load factor must lie within
satisfactory limits. The stick forces must not be so
great as to make excessive demands on the pilot’s
strength when manoeuvring the aeroplane (see
ACJ No. 1 to JAR 25.143 (f)), and must not be so
low that the aeroplane can easily be overstressed
inadvertently. Changes of gradient that occur with
changes of load factor must not cause undue
difficulty in maintaining control of the aeroplane,
and local gradients must not be so low as to result
in a danger of over-controlling. (See ACJ No. 2 to
JAR 25.143 (f)). ]
1 [(g) (See ACJ 25.143(g)). The manoeuvring
capabilities in a constant speed coordinated turn
at forward centre of gravity, as specified in the
following table, must be free of stall warning or
other characteristics that might interfere with
normal manoeuvring.]
(1) A combination of weight, altitude and
temperature (WAT) such that the thrust or power
setting produces the minimum climb gradient
specified in JAR 25.121 for the flight condition.
(2) Airspeed approved for all-engines-operating
initial climb.
(3) That thrust or power setting which, in
the event of failure of the critical engine and
without any crew action to adjust the thrust or
power of the remaining engines, would result in the
thrust or power specified for the take-off condition
at V2 , or any lesser thrust or power setting that is
used for all-engines-operating initial climb
procedures.]
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