Between 2000 and 2005 participation of 4 year olds in education (mostly in pre-primary, in some countries already in primary) increased in EU 27 by about 3 percentage points to reach over 85 %. In 2005 in France, Belgium, Italy and Spain nearly all 4-year olds (over 99%) participated in education, while participation rates were below 50% in Ireland, Poland and Finland.
Additional notes:
Data include participation in both pre-primary and primary education.
BE: Data exclude independent private institutions, but these are attended by only a very limited number of children. Data from the German-speaking community are missing.
IE: There is no official provision of ISCED level 0 education. Many children attend some form of ISCED level 0 education, but for the most part data are missing.
NL: In 2002 the reference date for collecting these data was changed from 31 December to 1 October.
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF THE ADULT POPULATION
Adult population (25- to 64-year-olds) with tertiary attainment
% of adults (25-64) with tertiary attainment
|
|
2000
|
2006
|
EU-27
|
19.4
|
22.9
|
Belgium
|
27.1
|
31.8
|
Bulgaria
|
18.4
|
21.9
|
Czech Rep
|
11.5
|
13.5
|
Denmark
|
25.8
|
34.7
|
Germany
|
23.8
|
23.9
|
Estonia
|
28.9
|
33.3
|
Ireland
|
21.6
|
30.8
|
Greece
|
16.9
|
21.5
|
Spain
|
22.5
|
29.9
|
France
|
21.6
|
25.5p
|
Italy
|
9.6
|
12.9
|
Cyprus
|
25.1
|
30.5
|
Latvia
|
18.0
|
21.1
|
Lithuania
|
22.4
|
26.8
|
Luxembourg
|
18.3
|
24.0
|
Hungary
|
14.0
|
17.7
|
Malta
|
5.4
|
12.0
|
Netherlands
|
24.1
|
39.5
|
Austria
|
14.2
|
17.6
|
Poland
|
11.4
|
17.9
|
Portugal
|
9.0
|
13.5
|
Romania
|
9.2
|
11.7
|
Slovenia
|
15.7
|
21.4
|
Slovakia
|
10.2
|
14.5
|
Finland
|
32.6
|
35.1
|
Sweden
|
29.7
|
30.5
|
UK
|
28.1
|
30.7
|
Croatia
|
15.4
|
16.3
|
Iceland
|
23.7
|
29.5
|
Norway
|
31.6
|
33.6
|
Source: Eurostat (LFS)
| In 2006 23% of the working age population of the EU had attained tertiary education, an increase of more than 3 percentage point compared to 2000. Finland, Denmark and Estonia were the countries with the highest share of population with tertiary attainment, while some Member States still had shares of less than 15%. However, in some of these countries tertiary enrolment has expanded considerably in the recent past.
Additional notes
Tertiary includes ISCED levels 5 and 6.
LT: 2001 results instead of 2000
HR: 2002 results instead of 2000
INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES
Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP, 2000-2004
Education spen-ding, % of GDP
|
Public
|
Private
|
2000
|
2003
|
2004
|
2004
|
EU-27
|
4.68
|
5.17
|
5.09
|
0.64
|
Belgium
|
:
|
6.06
|
5.99
|
0.34
|
Bulgaria
|
4.19
|
4.24
|
4.57
|
0.65
|
Czech Republic
|
4.04
|
4.51
|
4.42
|
0.61
|
Denmark
|
8.28
|
8.33
|
8.47
|
0.32
|
Germany
|
4.45
|
4.71
|
4.60
|
0.91
|
Estonia
|
5.57
|
5.43
|
5.09
|
:
|
Ireland
|
4.29
|
4.41
|
4.75
|
0.32
|
Greece
|
3.71
|
3.94
|
4.22
|
0.20
|
Spain
|
4.28
|
4.28
|
4.25
|
0.61
|
France
|
5.83
|
5.88
|
5.81
|
0.54
|
Italy
|
4.47
|
4.74
|
4.59
|
0.46
|
Cyprus
|
5.44
|
7.30
|
6.71
|
1.17
|
Latvia
|
5.64
|
5.32
|
5.08
|
0.82
|
Lithuania
|
5.63
|
5.18
|
5.20
|
0.48
|
Luxembourg
|
:
|
3.80
|
3.93
|
:
|
Hungary
|
4.50
|
5.85
|
5.43
|
0.52
|
Malta
|
4.52
|
4.78
|
4.99
|
0.46
|
Netherlands
|
4.86
|
5.12
|
5.18
|
0.50
|
Austria
|
5.66
|
5.50
|
5.45
|
0.39
|
Poland
|
4.87
|
5.62
|
5.41
|
0.59
|
Portugal
|
5.42
|
5.61
|
5.31
|
0.13
|
Romania
|
2.88
|
3.44
|
3.29
|
:
|
Slovenia
|
:
|
6.02
|
5.96
|
0.86
|
Slovakia
|
4.15
|
4.34
|
4.21
|
0.76
|
Finland
|
6.08
|
6.41
|
6.43
|
0.13
|
Sweden
|
7.31
|
7.47
|
7.35
|
0.20
|
United Kingdom
|
4.64
|
5.38
|
5.29
|
0.95
|
Croatia
|
:
|
4.53
|
4.50
|
:
|
Turkey
|
3.48
|
3.74
|
:
|
:
|
Iceland
|
5.93
|
7.81
|
7.59
|
0.75
|
Norway
|
6.81
|
7.62
|
7.58
|
0.05
|
Japan
|
3.82
|
3.70
|
3.65
|
1.23
|
United States
|
4.94
|
5.43
|
5.12
|
2.37
|
Source: Eurostat (UOE). EU level results represent
Commission estimates. 2000 result estimate by DG Education and Culture.
| Between 2000 and 2003, public spending on education as a percentage of GDP increased considerably in EU Member States. However, in 2004, the upward trend stopped and there was a slight decline compared to the year before. However, as a result of GDP growth in absolute terms public education spending still increased. The available data show strong differences in spending levels between countries.
Additional notes:
Data covers formal education including formal adult education
'Private' refers to expenditure on educational institutions from private sources
DK: Expenditure on post-secondary non-tertiary levels of education not available.
EL, LU, PT: Imputed retirement expenditure not available.
CY: Including financial aid to students studying abroad.
PL, SK, NO: Including child care expenditure at pre-primary level.
FR: Without French Overseas Departments.
HR: Expenditure on educational institutions from public sources.
LU: Expenditure at tertiary level not included.
PT: Expenditure at local level of government not included.
UK, JP, US: Adjustment of GDP to the financial year, which differs from the calendar year.
TR, IS: Expenditure at pre-primary level not included.
TR: Expenditure at regional and local levels of government not included.
US: Expenditure on educational institutions from public sources
BG BG
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