L’aspirisouffle Flight of fancy
FLUIDES AVEC FROTTEMENTS
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- Навигация на страницата:
- LA BALLE LIFTEE
- CHPOK
- ...................................................... 50
- EXCESS SPEED
- JE VOLE !
48 FLUIDES AVEC FROTTEMENTS _____________________________________________________________________ VISCOUS FLUIDS _____________________________________________________________________ ТЕЧНОСТИ С ВИСКОЗИТЕТ _____________________________________________________________________ Chiche… _____________________________________________________________________ Here goes - _____________________________________________________________________ Ето така... _____________________________________________________________________ Hop ! _____________________________________________________________________ - Ooops! _____________________________________________________________________ Хоп! _____________________________________________________________________ Comme ces assiettes, les couches superposées de gaz ne glissent les unes par rapport aux autres qu’avec un certain frottement. _____________________________________________________________________ Like these plates, the superimposed layers of gas do not slide over each other without friction. _____________________________________________________________________ Както и тези чинии, газовите слоеве, наложени един върху друг, се плъзгат един в друг с известно триене. _____________________________________________________________________ Figurons un objet immobile sur lequel arrivent des molécules que nous allons représenter comme situées dans des boites cubiques.
_____________________________________________________________________ Imagine a fixed object in a stream of gas molecules, which we can represent by little cubical boxes.
_____________________________________________________________________ Да си представим един неподвижен обект, който се намира в течение от газови молекули, които ще изобразим като намиращи се в малки кубически кутии.
_____________________________________________________________________ 49 Ouais, tout cela est bien compliqué. Je vais aller me détendre un peu en jouant au tennis. Ça, au moins, c’est de la mécanique toute bête, de la balistique. On tape sur une balle, boum. Et si on calcule bien, elle tombe dans le court. _____________________________________________________________________ It’s all too complicated for me. I think I’ll relax a bit and play some tennis. The mechanics of that, at least, is easy. Ballistics. You hit the ball – Boom! And if you’ve calculated it correctly, it lands in the court. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ LA BALLE LIFTEE _____________________________________________________________________ SERVICE GAME… _____________________________________________________________________ СЕРВИС С ТОП-СПИН (*) _____________________________________________________________________ Je vais m’inscrire. Voyons, voilà une place libre. Bjorn Borg…connais pas. _____________________________________________________________________ I’ll put my name down for a game…good, here’s a spare place. Bjorn Borg…Don’t know him. _____________________________________________________________________ Ще се запиша. Ето тук има свободно място. Бьорн Борг... Не го познавам. _____________________________________________________________________ Ready ? _____________________________________________________________________ Ready? _____________________________________________________________________ Готови! _____________________________________________________________________ CHPOK …………………………… ТУП .................................................... * топ-спин (англ.) - вид удар, при който топката се удря отгоре, придавайки силно въртене по посоката на удара. ...................................................... 50 Bon sang, je n’en touche pas une. Ce type a une façon bizarre de relever sa quand il frappe. Cela devrait pourtant faire monter les balles. _____________________________________________________________________ Good grief – I haven’t even touched one yet! This guy has a way of lifting the racquet when he serves that ought to make the ball lift too… _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ It doesn’t. it drops. _____________________________________________________________________ И ето тук да падат. _____________________________________________________________________ Comment faites-vous cela ? _____________________________________________________________________ How do you do that? _____________________________________________________________________ Как го правите? _____________________________________________________________________ C’est simple : je fais tourner la balle dans ce sens. _____________________________________________________________________ Easy. I make the ball spin like this. _____________________________________________________________________ Много просто – подавам топката ето така. _____________________________________________________________________ Elle tend à descendre. Cela me permet de taper plus fort, en la mettant dans le court. _____________________________________________________________________ It tends to drop. That lets me hit it harder without going off the court. _____________________________________________________________________ Тя се спуска. Това ми позволява да ударя по-силно, за да я приземя на корта. _____________________________________________________________________ Oui…bien sûr _____________________________________________________________________ Yes, sure. _____________________________________________________________________ Да, разбира се. _____________________________________________________________________ PFFF… 6-0, 6-0 enfin… _____________________________________________________________________ 6-0, 6-0 down… _____________________________________________________________________ УФ! 6-0, 6-0, най-после… _____________________________________________________________________ Clair comme du jus de pipe _____________________________________________________________________ Clear as mud… _____________________________________________________________________ Ясно като бял ден. _____________________________________________________________________ 51 Voyons, Borg envoie la balle de gauche à droite sur la figure de la page précédente. Je vais faire arriver l’air sur la balle de droite à gauche, ce qui revient au même. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ Да видим. Борг хвърля топката отляво надясно, както е изобразено на предходната страница. Ще задам движение на топката отдясно наляво, но пак ще се получи същото. _____________________________________________________________________ Anselme fabrique une soufflerie. _____________________________________________________________________ Archie builds a wind – tunnel. _____________________________________________________________________ Анселм си прави аеродинамична тръба. _____________________________________________________________________ Tu vois, Sophie, la fumée des pipes matérialisera les filets d’air. _____________________________________________________________________ You see, Sophie, the smoke from the pipes makes the airstream visible. _____________________________________________________________________ Виждаш ли, Софи, димът от лулите ще направи видимо въздушното течение. _____________________________________________________________________ Il reste à assurer la rotation de la balle. Ceci devrait convenir _____________________________________________________________________ Now all I need is to make sure the ball will rotate. This ought to do it… _____________________________________________________________________ Трябва само да измисля и как топката да се върне обратно. Ето с това трябва да стане. _____________________________________________________________________ Voilà, ça marche très bien ! _____________________________________________________________________ Yes – that whisks it around beautifully! _____________________________________________________________________ Да, става! _____________________________________________________________________ 52 Tiens, la rotation de la balle projette la fumée vers le haut et, en même temps je sens une force qui tire la balle vers le bas. _____________________________________________________________________ Gosh. The rotation of the ball makes the smoke rise, and at the same time I can feel a force pushing the ball downwards. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ Let me explain. Because of friction, the rotation of the ball pulls the air with it. This gives an EXCESS SPEED at A and REDUCED SPEED at B. _____________________________________________________________________ Обяснението: заради триенето, въртящата се топка повлича въздух. Това предизвиква СУПЕР ВИСОКА СКОРОСТ в точка А и СУПЕР НИСКА СКОРОСТ в точка Б. _____________________________________________________________________ Balle en rotation _____________________________________________________________________ Rotating ball _____________________________________________________________________ Въртяща се топка. _____________________________________________________________________ Il ne reste plus qu’à appliquer la loi de Bernoulli. _____________________________________________________________________ Now all you have to do is use Bernoulli’s law… _____________________________________________________________________ Сега не ни остава нищо друго, освен да приложим Закона на Бернули. _____________________________________________________________________ 53 SOUS VITESSE – SURPRESSION FORCE Vitesse de l’air SURVITESSE - DEPRESSION _____________________________________________________________________ REDUCED SPEED – HIGH PRESSURE
_____________________________________________________________________ ПОНИЖЕНА СКОРОСТ – ПОВИШЕНО НАЛЯГАНЕ СИЛА Скорост на въздуха ПОВИШЕНА СКОРОСТ – ПОНИЖЕНО НАЛЯГАНЕ _____________________________________________________________________ Pression et vitesse varient inversement. Donc, sur le dessous = DEPRESSION. Sur le dessus = SURPRESSION, d’où le sen de la force aérodynamique. _____________________________________________________________________ Pressure and speed vary inversely. So underneath the pressure is LOW, on top it is HIGH, from this it’s clear in which direction the aerodynamic force acts! _____________________________________________________________________ Налягане и скорост се променят обратно пропорционално едно на друго. Следователно отдолу имаме ПОНИЖЕНО НАЛЯГАНЕ, а отгоре – ПОВИШЕНО НАЛЯГАНЕ, откъдето и действието на аеродинамичните сили. _____________________________________________________________________ Tout ceci n’est possible qu’à cause du frottement de l’air sur al balle. Dans une atmosphère SUPERFLUIDE, exempte de frottement, vous ne pourriez plus faire vos balles liftées. _____________________________________________________________________ Now that only happens because of friction with the ball. In a SUPERFLUID atmosphere, without friction, you wouldn’t be able to make a tennis-ball swerve. _____________________________________________________________________ Всичко това е възможно само при наличието на триене на въздуха в топката. В среда на СУПЕРФЛУИД, лишена от триене, не можете да използвате топ-спин при сервис. _____________________________________________________________________ Tiens, en inversant le sens de rotation, la fumée est soufflée vers le bas et la force s’inverse. Cela me donne une PORTANCE. _____________________________________________________________________ Hey! If I reverse the direction of rotation, the smoke is bent downwards, and the force is reversed that gives me a LIFT. _____________________________________________________________________ Виж ти, като променя посоката на въртене, пушекът се насочва надолу, а силата мени посоката си. Това е ПОДЕМНА СИЛА. _____________________________________________________________________ Ce qui marche avec une sphère marcherait peut-être avec un cylindre en rotation ? _____________________________________________________________________ What works with a sphere also works with a rotating cylinder? _____________________________________________________________________ Това, което се случва с една сфера, може да се случи и с цилиндър при въртене? _____________________________________________________________________ Chiche ! _____________________________________________________________________ Uh – huh! _____________________________________________________________________ Ами! _____________________________________________________________________ 54 LE ROTOR DE FLETTNER _____________________________________________________________________ THE FLETTNER ROTOR _____________________________________________________________________ РОТОРЪТ НА ФЛЕТНЕР _____________________________________________________________________ Formidable ! _____________________________________________________________________ Amazing! _____________________________________________________________________ Страхотно! _____________________________________________________________________ Effectivement _____________________________________________________________________ Revolutionary! _____________________________________________________________________ Да, наистина! _____________________________________________________________________ Chers collègues et amis, examinons ensemble ce qui se passe dans le SILLAGE. La rotation u cylindre produit des vitesses différentes entre l’écoulement supérieur et l’écoulement inférieur. _____________________________________________________________________ Ladies, gentlemen, and others – let us look more closely in the wake of this discovery. The rotation of the cylinder produces different speeds in the flows over the top and underneath. _____________________________________________________________________ Скъпи колеги и приятели, да наблюдаваме заедно това, което се случва в СТРУЯТА. Завъртането на цилиндъра предизвиква различни скорости между горното и долното течение. _____________________________________________________________________ En aval de ce cylindre, lorsque les deux couches d’air se rejoignent, elles frottent l’une contre l’autre. Ceci a pour effet :
_____________________________________________________________________ Downstream from the cylinder, although the two layers of air join up again, they rub against each other. As a result:
_____________________________________________________________________ Под цилиндъра, когато се доближат два въздушни слоя, те се трият един в друг. Резултатът е следният:
_____________________________________________________________________ Il existe une différence de pression entre la partie supérieure de la nappe et sa partie inférieure, liée à l’écart entre les vitesses (Bernoulli). C’est ce qui explique la courbure des filets d’air en aval. _____________________________________________________________________ There is a pressure difference between the top of the layer and the bottom, related to the difference in the speeds (Bernoulli). This is why the airstream is curved, downstream of the rotor. _____________________________________________________________________ Има разлика в налягането в горната и долната част, което е свързано с разликата между скоростите (според Закона на Бернули). Това обяснява изкривяването на въздушните струи вляво от цилиндъра. _____________________________________________________________________ Haut Bas
_____________________________________________________________________ Top
Bottom _____________________________________________________________________ Горе Долу
55 En déplaçant dans l’air un cylindre en rotation, j’obtiens une PORTANCE. Ceci me donne une idée : je devrais pouvoir fabriquer une machine volante. _____________________________________________________________________ By rotating a cylinder in the air, I’ve managed to get some lift. That gives me an idea! I ought to be able to make a fly machine. _____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________ Qu’est-ce qu’il fabrique ? _____________________________________________________________________ Wot’s ‘e muckin’ abart wiv now? _____________________________________________________________________ Какво прави? _____________________________________________________________________ KLONK KLONK
WSIIIIII ………………………………………………………………… ЧУК ЧУК
ФШТ ....................................................................................................... Je vais adapter une propulsion par réaction _____________________________________________________________________ I’m trying to adapt my reaction motor. _____________________________________________________________________ Ще направя реактивен двигател. _____________________________________________________________________ Ça a l’air compliqué! _____________________________________________________________________ It looks fiendishly complicated. _____________________________________________________________________ Много сложно ми се струва! _____________________________________________________________________ 56 Voudrais-tu être assez aimable pour allumer la fusée, à l’arrière ? _____________________________________________________________________ Would you be so kind as to light the blue touch-paper at the rear, my dear friend? _____________________________________________________________________ Ще бъдеш ли така любезен да запалиш задната ракета? _____________________________________________________________________ En combinant les deux mouvements et en soufflant l’air vers le bas, je crée une portance. _____________________________________________________________________ By combining the two movements and blowing air downwards I can get some lift. _____________________________________________________________________ Когато цилиндърът се върти при движението на моята ракета, според Закона на Барнули създавам подемна сила. _____________________________________________________________________ Ça marche ! Je vole ! (*) _____________________________________________________________________ It works! I’m flying! (*) _____________________________________________________________________ Работи! Аз летя! (*) ____________________________________________________________________ JE VOLE ! _____________________________________________________________________ I’M FLYING! _____________________________________________________________________ АЗ ЛЕТЯ! _____________________________________________________________________ (*) En mettant la puissance ad hoc, ça pourrait très bien marcher ! _____________________________________________________________________ (*) If the power is high enough, it actually works very well! _____________________________________________________________________ (*) При подходяща мощност може наистина да работи много добре. _____________________________________________________________________ Каталог: JPP -> telechargeables -> bulgare bulgare -> Joyeuse apocalypse bulgare -> Всичко е относително jean-Pierre Petit Жан-Пиер Пети bulgare -> Приключенията на анселм лантюрлю énergétiquement vôtre bulgare -> A quoi revent les robots run, robot, run bulgare -> Cosmic Story bulgare -> Знание без граници Le Trou Noir bulgare -> Les Aventures d’Anselme Lanturlu Изтегляне 0.6 Mb. Сподели с приятели:
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