Когато тялото казва „НЕ“

Благодарности
Дължа огромна благодарност на всички хора, които с открито сърце споделиха за миналото си. Някои от тях са мои стари пациенти.

С други се запознах наскоро. Те разкриха душите си, за да могат читателите да се поучат от болезнения им опит.
Даян Мартин от издателството “Knopf Canada” ме подкрепяше за тази книга още от мига, в който седнах да я пиша. Тя преработи твърде дългия ръкопис, като от професионалната й намеса имат полза както авторът, така и читателите.
Задължен съм още на Том Милър от издателството “John Wiley &
Sons” в Ню Йорк, защото обърна по-сериозно внимание на книгата ми,
докато другите американски издатели гледаха на нея като „поредната книга за стреса“.
Господ ми прати Киара О’Мара Съливан от Вирджиния, с която се сприятелих по интернет и която стана моя неофициална съавторка,
редакторка и рецензентка. Появи се в живота ми ненадейно от нищото и постепенно започна да ми помага в писането, с което го направи по- лесно. А съответно направи по-лесен и живота ми. Книгата, която държите, нямаше да бъде същата без нейното съдействие.
Издателката ми Денис Буковски беше категорична, че „Когато тялото казва НЕ“ ще бъде издадена в поне още пет държави и на няколко езика. Тя започна да ме съветва, когато бях почти приключил с черновата, което ми позволи да си направя някои редакции –
благодарение на тях, творбата ми се доближи до първоначалните ми планове за нея. Хедър Дъндас и Елза Делука осигуриха незаменима техническа помощ, като вярно набраха над двеста часа аудио интервюта в текстова форма.
Моята съпруга и духовна половинка Раи беше строг критик и всеотдайна опора. Повечето от съкратените материали бяха премахнати, благодарение на нейните смелост, любов и мъдрост.
Нещата, които най-силно ценя, са вече част от живота ми – също заради тези нейни качества.
Благодаря и на цитираните в книгата автори или техни издатели,
че ми позволиха да използвам извадки от техните творби.
Габор Мате
Превод: Иван Стаменов
Редактор: Елица Тодорова
Издателство: ЛиК

Източник:
www.otizvora.com

[1]
Hans Selye, The Stress of Life, rev. ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill,
1978), 4
[2]
M. Angell, „Disease as a Reflection of the Psyche“ New England
Journal of Medicine, 13 June 1985.
[3]
АЛС, понякога наричана в САЩ „болест на Лу Гериг“ по името на американския бейзболист, починал от нея, а в Англия е известна като
„болест на моторните неврони“ – бел. пр.
[4]
Интервю с Dr. Robert Maunder.
[5]
от англ.: майнд – разум, и боди – тяло – бел. пр.
[6]
Plato, Charmides, цитирано при A. A. Brill, Freud’s Contribution to
Psychiatry, (New York, WW Norton, 1944), 233.
[7]
Порталната вена е главният кръвоносен съд, свързващ черния дроб с коремните органи.
[8]
G. M. Franklin, „Stress and Its Relationship to Acute Exacerbations in
Multiple Sclerosis,“ Journal of Neurological Rehabilitation 2, no. 1, 1988.
[9]
I. Grant, „Psychosomatic-Somatopsychic Aspects of Multiple
Sclerosis,“ in U. Halbriech, ed., Multiple Sclerosis: A Neuropsychiatric
Disorder, no. 37, Progress in Psychiatry series, Washington/London:
American Psychiatric Press.
[10]
V Mei-Tal, „The Role of Psychological Process in a Somatic Disorder:
Multiple Sclerosis,“ Psychosomatic Medicine 32, no. 1 (1970), 68.
[11]
G. S. Philippopoulous, „The Etiologic Significance of Emotional
Factors in Onset and Exacerbations of Multiple Sclerosis“, Psychosomatic
Medicine 20 (1958): 458 -74
[12]
Mei-Tal, „The Role of Psychological Process…“, 73
[13]
I. Grant, „Severely Threatening Events and Marked Life Difficulties
Preceding Onset or Exacerbation of Multiple Sclerosis“, Journal of
Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 52 (1989), 8 -13: Седемдесет и

седем процента от групата на болните с МС и само 35 процента от контролната група са имали особено трудни периоди в годината преди появата на болестта. „Прекомерният стрес най-често се е случвал в рамките на шест месеца преди заболяването им… 24 от 39 пациенти с
МС (62 процента) признаха за изключително смущаващи събития, а в контролната група подобно нещо сториха само шестима от 40 души
(15 процента)… Значително повече от болните отчитаха проблеми в брака си (49 процента спрямо 10 процента от контр. група.)… Силни безпокойства признаха 18 от 23 души, при които болестта е нова, а същото сториха 12 от 16 души, при които болестта се е върнала.“
[14]
J. D.Wilson., ed., Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 12th ed.
(New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999), 2039
[15]
L.J. Rosner, Multiple Sclerosis: New Hope and Practical Advice for
People with MS and Their Families (New York: Fireside Publishers, 1992),
15
[16]
E. Chelmicka-Schorr and B. G. Arnason, „Nervous System-Immune
System Interactions and Their Role in Multiple Sclerosis“, Annals of
Neurology, supplement to vol. 36 (1994), S29-S32
[17]
Elizabeth Wilson, Jacqueline du Pre (London: Faber and Faber, 1999),
160
[18]
Hilary du Pre and Piers du Pre, A Genius in the Family: An Intimate
Memoir of Jacqueline du Pre, New York: Vintage, 1998
[19]
Wilson, Jacqueline du Pre
[20]
Selye, The Stress of Life, xv
[21]
пак там, 414
[22]
пак там, 62
[23]
пак там, 150
[24]
E. M. Sternberg (moderator), „The Stress Response and the Regulation of Inflammatory Disease,“ Annals of Internal Medicine 17, no. 10 (15
November 1992), 855

[25]
A. Kusnecov and B. S. Rabin, „Stressor-Induced Alterations of
Immune Function: Mechanisms and Issues,“ International Archives of
Allergy and Immunology 105 (1994), 108
[26]
Selye, The Stress of Life, 370
[27]
S. Levine and H. Ursin, What Is Stress? Psychobiology of Stress (New
York: Academic Press), 17
[28]
W R. Malarkey, „Behavior: The Endocrine-Immune Interface and
Health Outcomes,“ inXTheorell, ed., Everyday Biological Stress
Mechanisms, vol. 22, (Basel: Karger, 2001), 104-115
[29]
M. A. Hofer, „Relationships as Regulators: A Psychobiologic
Perspective on Bereavement,“ Psychosomatic Medicine 46, no. 3 (May-
June 1984), 194
[30]
Ross Buck, „Emotional Communication, Emotional Competence, and
Physical Illness: A Developmental-InteractionistView,“ in J. Pennebaker and H.Treve, eds., Emotional Expressiveness, Inhibition and Health
(Seattle: Hogrefe and Huber, 1993), 38
[31]
Пак там.
[32]
Suzannah Horgan, Communication Issues and ALS: A Collaborative
Exploration; Thesis submitted to the Division of Applied Psychology,
University of Alberta, Calgary, 2001.
[33]
Wolfgang J. Streit and Carol A. Kincaid-Colton, „The Brain’s Immune
System,“ Scientific American 273, no. 5, November 1995
[34]
W. A. Brown and P. S. Mueller, „Psychological Function in Individuals with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,“ Psychosomatic Medicine 32, no. 2
(March-April 1970), 141-52. Study by J. L. Houpt et a/., „Psychological
Characteristics of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis,“
Psychosomatic Medicine 39, no. 5, 299-303
[35]
A. J. Wilbourn and H. Mitsumoto, „Why Are Patients with ALS So
Nice?“ presented at the ninth International ALS Symposium on ALS/MND,
Munich, 1998

[36]
Ray Robinson, Iron Horse: Lou Gehrig in His Time (New York: W W.
Norton & Company, 1990
[37]
Michael White and John Gribbin, Stephen Hawking: A Life in Science;
London: Viking, 1992
[38]
Dennis Kaye, Laugh, I Thought I’d Die; Toronto: Penguin Putnam,
1994
[39]
Evelyn Bell, Cries of the Silent (Calgary: ALS Society of Alberta,
1999), 12
[40]
Ген за рак на гърдата имат и други от семейството на Лаура.
Сестра й също научава страшната диагноза, но шест месеца преди
Лаура. Ракът на гърдата ще бъде разгледан в следващата глава.
[41]
Lisa Hobbs-Birnie, Uncommon Will.The Death and Life of Sue
Rodriguez; Toronto: Macmillan Canada, 1994
[42]
Jane Hawking, Music to Move the Stars; London: Pan/Macmillan,
1993
[43]
Christiane Northrup, Women’s Bodies, Women’s Wisdom: Creating
Physical and Emotional Health and Healing; New York: Bantam Books,
1998, 61
[44]
Jill Graham et al., „Stressful Life Experiences and Risk of Relapse of
Breast Cancer: Observational Cohort Study,“ British Medical Journal 324;
15 June 2002
[45]
D. E. Stewart et al, „Attributions of Cause and Recurrence in Long-
Term Breast Cancer Survivors,“ Psycho-Oncology; March-April 2001
[46]
Sandra M. Levy and Beverly D.Wise, „Psychosocial Risk Factors and
Disease Progression,“ in Cary L. Cooper, ed., Stress and Breast Cancer
(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1988), 77-96
[47]
M. Wirsching, „Psychological Identification of Breast Cancer Patients
Before Biopsy,“ Journal of Psychosomatic Research 26 (1982), cited in
Cary L. Cooper, ed., Stress and Breast Cancer (New York: John Wiley &
Sons, 1993), 13

[48]
C. B. Bahnson, „Stress and Cancer: The State of the Art,“
Psychosomatics 22, no. 3 (March 1981), 213
[49]
Г-н Крю не крие от околните за болестта си. За разлика от жените,
които интервюирах, той не искаше да заменям името му с псевдоним.
[50]
S. Greer and T. Morris, „Psychological Attributes of Women Who
Develop Breast Cancer: A Controlled Study, Journal of Psychosomatic
Research 19 (1975), 147-53
[51]
C. L. Bacon et al. “A Psychosomatic Survey of Cancer of the Breast,”
Psychosomatic Medicine 14 (1952): 453-60, paraphrased in Bahnson,
“Stress and Cancer”
[52]
Sandra M. Levy, Behavior and Cancer (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass,
1985), 166
[53]
Марта Греъм (1894-1991) – прочута американска танцьорка и хореографка – бел. пр.
[54]
Има предвид известната руска балерина Анна Павлова – бел. пр.
[55]
Betty Ford, Betty: A Glad Awakening (New York: Doubleday, 1987),
36
[56]
Betty Krawczyk, Lock Me Up or Let Me Go; Vancouver: Raincoast,
2002
[57]
Betty Shiver Krawczyk, Clayoquot: The Sound of My Heart; Victoria:
Orca Book Publishers, 1996
[58]
Доктор Елизабет Кублер-Рос е психиатър. В книгите си описва преживяванията на свои пациенти по време на смъртта им и в задгробния им живот – бел.пр.
[59]
D. M. Kissen and H. G. Eysenck, „Personality in Male Lung Cancer
Patients,“ Journal of Psychosomatic Research 6 (1962), 123
[60]
T. Cox and C. MacKay, „Psychosocial Factors and
Psychophysiological Mechanisms in the Aetiology and Development of
Cancers,“ Social Science and Medicine 16 (1982), 385

[61]
R. Grossarth-Maticek et al, „Psychosocial Factors as Strong Predictors of Mortality from Cancer, Ischaemic Heart Disease and Stroke: The
Yugoslav Prospective Study,“ Journal of Psychosomatic Research 29, no. 2
(1985), 167-76
[62]
C. B. Pert et al, „Neuropeptides and Their Receptors: A Psychosomatic
Network,“ The Journal of Immunology 135, no. 2, August 1985
[63]
Съкращението ПНИ по-често се отнася до науката психоневроимуноендокринология. За удобство го използвам и като съкращение на физиологичната система, която въпросната наука изучава. Думата „психоневроимуноендокринна“ е досадно дълга както за мен, автора, така и, предполагам, за читателя.
[64]
Candace Pert, Molecules of Emotion: Why You Feel the Way You Feel
(New York: Touchstone, 1999), 22-23
[65]
E. R. De Kloet, „Corticosteroids, Stress, and Aging,“ Annals of New
York Academy of Sciences, 663 (1992), 358
[66]
Rajesh K. Naz, Prostate: Basic and Clinical Aspects (Boca Raton: CRC
Press, 1997), 75
[67]
J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser and R. Glaser, „Psychoneuroimrnunology and
Immunotoxicology: Implications for Carcinogenesis,“ Psychosomatic
Medicine 61 (1999), 271-72
[68]
C.Tournier et al, „Requirement ofJNK for Stress-Induced Activation of the Cytochrome c-Mediated Death Pathway,“ Science 288 (5 May 2000),
870-74
[69]
WJung and M. Irwin, „Reduction of Natural Killer Cytotoxic Activity in Major Depression: Interaction between Depression and Cigarette
Smoking,“ Psychosomatic Medicine 61 (1999), 263-70
[70]
H. Anisman et a/.,“Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Health and Disease:
2. Disease,“ Canadian Medical Association Journal 155, no. 8, 15 October
1996
[71]
Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 146 -47

[72]
C. Shively et al., „Behavior and Physiology of Social Stress and
Depression in Female Cynomolgus Monkeys, Biological Psychiatry 41
(1997), 871-82
[73]
M. D. Marcus et al., „Psychological correlates of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea,“ Fertility and Sterility 76, no. 2 (August 2001),
315.
[74]
J. C. Prior, „Ovulatory Disturbances: They Do Matter,“ Canadian
Journal of Diagnosis, February 1997
[75]
J. G. Goldberg, ed., Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Cancer Patients
(New York: The Free Press, 1981), 46
[76]
B.A. Stoll, ed., Prolonged Arrest of Cancer (Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons, 1982), 1
[77]
Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 146
[78]
C. L. Cooper, ed., Stress and Breast Cancer (Chichester: John Wiley &
Sons, 1988), 32
[79]
Пак там.
[80]
Пак там, 31-32
[81]
Пак там, 123
[82]
Намазка от шийката на матката. – бeл. пр.
[83]
J. G. Goldberg, ed., Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Cancer Patients,
45
[84]
L. Elit, „Familial Ovarian Cancer,“ Canadian Family Physician 47,
April 2001
[85]
Gilda Radner, It’s Always Something; New York: Simon and Schuster,
1989
[86]
G. L. Lu-Yao et al, „Effect of Age and Surgical Approach on
Complications and Short-Term Mortality after Radical Prostatectomy -A
Population-Based Study,“ Urology 54, no. 2 (August 1999), 301-7

[87]
Larry Katzenstein, „Can the Prostate Test Be Hazardous to Your
Health?“ The New York Times, 17 February 1999
[88]
Проучване, дискутирано в изданието “Cancer”, 1997
[89]
C.J. Newschaffer et al., „Causes of Death in Elderly Cancer Patients and in a Comparison Nonprostate Cancer Cohort,“ Journal of the National
Cancer Institute 92, no.8 (19 April 2000), 613-22
[90]
The Journal of the American Medical Association, 5 May 1999
[91]
Джийн е с МС. Нейната история е разгледана по-подробно в глава
18
[92]
S. M. Levy, ed., Biological Mediators of Behavior and Disease:
Neoplasia (New York: Elsevier Biomedical, 1981), 76
[93]
T. E. Seeman and B. S. McEwen, „Impact of Social Environment
Characteristics on Neuroendocrine Regulation,“ Psychosomatic Medicine
58 (September-Оctober 1996), 462
[94]
D. France, “Testosterone, the Rogue Hormone, Is Getting a
Makeover”, The New York Times, 17 February 1999
[95]
U. Schweiger et al., „Testosterone, Gonadotropin, and Cortisol
Secretion in Male Patients with Major Depression,“ Psychosomatic
Medicine 61 (1999), 292-96
[96]
Naz, Prostate, 14
[97]
Roger S. Kirby et al, Prostate Cancer (St. Louis: Mosby, 2001), 29
[98]
Пак там, 15
[99]
Levy, Biological Mediators…, 74
[100]
Naz, Prostate, 17
[101]
Пак там, 87
[102]
R. P. Greenberg and R J. Dattore,“The Relationship between
Dependency and the Development of Cancer,“ Psychosomatic Medicine 43,
no. 1, February 1981

[103]
New England Journal of Medicine 340: 884 -87, cited in The Journal of the American Medical Association (5 May 1999), 1575
[104]
Andrew Kirtzman, Rudy Giuliani: Emperor of the City (New York:
HarperPerennial, 2001
[105]
Lance Armstrong, It’s Not about the Bike: My Journey Back to Life,
New York: Berkley Books, 2001
[106]
A. Horwich, ed., Testicular Cancer: Investigation and Management
(Philadelphia: Wiffiams & Wilkins, 1991), 6
[107]
Буквален превод, книгата към 2006 година все още не е издадена на български език. Оригинално заглавие: “It’s Not about the Bike: My
Journey Back to Life” – бел. пр.
[108]
Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 19
[109]
W. Kneier and L.Temoshok, „Repressive Coping Reactions in
Patients with Malignant Melanoma as Compared to Cardiovascular
Patients,“ Journal of Psychosomatic Research 28, no. 2 (1984), 145-55
[110]
L. Temoshok and B. Fox,“Coping Styles and Other Psychosocial
Factors Related to Medical Status and to Prognosis in Patients with
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma,“ in B. Fox and B. Newberry, eds., Impact of Psychoendocrine Systems in Cancer and Immunity (New York: C.J.
Hogrefe, 1984), 263
[111]
Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 17
[112]
G. A. Kune et al,“Personality as a Risk Factor in Large Bowel
Cancer: Data from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study,“ Psychological
Medicine 21 (1991): 29-41
[113]
C. B. Thomas and R. L. Greenstreet, „Psychobiological
Characteristics in Youth as Predictors of Five Disease States: Suicide,
Mental Illness, Hypertension, Coronary Heart Disease and Tumor,“
Hopkins Medical Journal 132 (January 1973), 38
[114]
IBD – идва от inflammatory bowel disease – бел. пр.

[115]
Malcolm Champion et al, eds., Optimal Management of IBD: Role of the Primary Care Physician; Toronto:The Medicine Group, 2001
[116]
G. Moser et al, „Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Patients’ Beliefs about the Etiology of Their Disease - A Controlled Study,“ Psychosomatic
Medicine 55 (1993), 131, cited in R. Maunder, „Mediators of Stress Effects in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Not the Usual Suspects,“ Journal of
Psychosomatic Research 48 (2000), 569 -77
[117]
G. L. Engel, as paraphrased in G. F. Solomon et al, „Immunity,
Emotions, and Stress,“ Annals of Clinical Research 6 (1974), 313-22
[118]
G. L. Engel, „Studies of Ulcerative Colitis IILThe Nature of the
Psychological Process,“ American Journal of Medicine 19 (1955), 31, cited in A.Watkins, ed., Mind-Body Medicine: A Clinician’s Guide to
Psychoneuroimrnunology (NewYork: Churchill Livingstone, 1997), 140
[119]
D. A. Drossman, „Presidential Address: Gastrointestinal Illness and the Biopsychosocial Model,“ Psychosomatic Medicine 60 (1998): 258-67
[120]
S. R.Targan, „Biology of Inflammation in Crohn’s Disease:
Mechanisms of Action of Anti-TNF-Alpha Therapy,“ Canadian Journal of
Gastroenterology: Update on Liver and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, vol.
14, supplement C, September 2000
[121]
H.Anisman et a/.,“Neuroimmune Mechanisms in Health and Disease:
1: Health,“ Canadian Medical Association Journal 155, no. 7 (1 October
1996), 872
[122]
Drossman, „Presidential Address,“ 265
[123]
S. Levenstein et ah, „Stress and Exacerbation in Ulcerative Colitis: A
Prospective Study of Patients Enrolled in Remission,“ American Journal of
Gastroenterology 95, no. 5, 1213-20
[124]
Става дума за Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology
[125]
Noel Hershfield, „Hans Selye, Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the
Placebo Response,“ Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 11, no. 7
(October 1997): 623-24

[126]
Или IBS – от irritable bowel syndrome
[127]
Y. Ringel and D. A. Drossman, „Toward a Positive and
Comprehensive
Diagnosis of
Irritable
Bowel
Syndrome,“
2, no. 6; 26 December 2000
[128]
Drossman, “Presidential Address”, 259
[129]
Пак там.
[130]
E. A. Mayer and H. E. Raybould, „Role of Visceral Afferent
Mechanisms in Functional Bowel Disorders,“ Gastroenterology 99
(December 1990): 1688-1704
[131]
Drossman, “Presidential Address”, 263
[132]
Lin Chang, “The Emotional Brain, in Diagnosis and Management of
Irritable Bowel Syndrome”, (Oakville: Pulsus Group, 2001); Основни теми на симпозиума Canadian Digestive Diseases Week, Banff, Alberta, 26
February 2001
[133]
J. Lesserman et ah, „Sexual and Physical Abuse History in
Gastroenterology Practice: How Types of Abuse Impact Health Status,“
Psychosomatic Medicine 58 (1996), 4-15
[134]
Пак там.
[135]
M. D. Gershon, The Second Brain:Tlie Scientific Basis of Gut
Instinct (New York: HarperCollins, 1998), xiii
[136]
Mayer and Raybould, “Role of Visceral Afferent Mechanisms in
Functional Bowel Disorders”
[137]
Lin Chang, “The Emotional Brain…”
[138]
Drossman, “Presidential Address”, 262
[139]
Гастро-езофагеална рефлуксна болест
[140]
L. A. Bradley et al., „The Relationship between Stress and Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux: The Influence of Psychological Factors,“
American Journal of Gastroenterology 88, no.l (January 1993), 11-18

[141]
W.J. Dodds et al, “Mechanisms of Gastroesophageal Reflux in
Patients with Reflux Esophagitis”, New England Journal of Medicine 302,
no-25; 16 December 1982, 1547-52
[142]
D. A. Drossman et al, „Effects of Coping on Health Outcome among
Women with Gastrointestinal Disorders,“ Psychosomatic Medicine 62
(2000), 309-17
[143]
Лекарство, което облекчава спазмите в червата
[144]
Тази дума, която в много езици е със значението на „джудже“,
идва именно от творчеството на Джонатан Суифт – бел. пр.
[145]
M. J. Meaney et al., „Effect of Neonatal Handling on Age-Related
Impairments Associated with the Hippocampus,“ Science 239 (12 February
1988), 766 -68
[146]
DA. Snowdon et al, „Linguistic Ability in Early Life and the
Neuropathology of Alzheimer’s Disease and Cerebrovascular Disease:
Findings from the Nun Study,“ Annals of the New York Academy of
Sciences 903 (April 2000), 34-38
[147]
Victoria Glendinnmg, Jonathan Swift:A Portrait, Toronto: Doubleday
Canada, 1998
[148]
D A. Snowdon, „Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: Lessons from the
Nun Study,“ Gerontologist 38, no. 1 (February 1998), 5-6
[149]
V.A. Evseev et al., „Dysregulation in Neuroimmunopathology and
Perspectives of Immunotherapy,“ Bulletin of Experimental Biological
Medicine 131, no. 4 (April 2001), 305-308
[150]
M. F. Frecker et al., „Immunological Associations in Familial and
Non-familial Alzheimer’s Patients and Their Families,“ Canadian Journal of
Neurological Science 21, no. 2 (May 1994), 112-19
[151]
M. Popovic et al., „Importance of Immunological and Inflammatory
Processes in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Alzheimer’s Disease,“
International Journal of Neuroscience 9, no. 3-4 (September 1995), 203-36

[152]
F. Marx et al., „Mechanisms of Immune Regulation in Alzheimer’s
Disease: A Viewpoint,“ Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 47, no. 4 (1999),
204-209
[153]
J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser et al,“Emotions, Morbidity, and Mortality: New
Perspectives from Psychoneuroimmunology“, Annual Review of
Psychology 53 (2002), 83 -107
[154]
Edmund Morris, Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan; New York:
Modern Library, 1999
[155]
Michael Korda, Another Life; NewYork: Random House, 1999
[156]
C. E. G. Robinson, „Emotional Factors and Rheumatoid Arthritis,“
Canadian Medical Association Journal 11 (15 August 1957), 344-45
[157]
B. R. Shochet et alf, “A Medical-Psychiatric Study of Patients with
Rheumatoid Arthritis”, Psychosomatics 10, no. 5 (September -October
1969), 274
[158]
John Bowlby, Attachment, 2nd ed. (New York: Basic Books, 1982),
377
[159]
R. Otto and I. R. Mackay, „Psycho-Social and Emotional Disturbance in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,“ Medical Journal of Australia, (9
September 1967), 488-93
[160]
John Bowlby, Loss (New York: Basic Books, 1980), 69
[161]
Bowlby, Attachment, 68
[162]
Michael Hagmann, „A New Way to Keep Immune Cells in Check,“
Science, 1945
[163]
P. Marrack and J. W Kappler, „How the Immune System Recognizes the Body,“ Scientific American, September 1993
[164]
G. E Solomon and R. H. Moos, „The Relationship of Personality to the Presence of Rheumatoid Factor in Asymptomatic Relatives of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis,“ Psychosomatic Medicine 27, no. 4 (1965), 350-
60

[165]
M. W. Stewart et al., „Differential Relationships between Stress and
Disease Activity for Immunologically Distinct Subgroups of People with
Rheumatoid Arthritis,“ Journal of Abnormal Psychology 103, no. 2 (May
1994), 251-58
[166]
D.J. Wallace, „The Role of Stress and Trauma in Rheumatoid
Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,“ Seminars in Arthritis and
Rheumatism 16, no. 3 (February 1987), 153-57
[167]
S. L. Feigenbaum et al, „Prognosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A
Longitudinal Study of Newly Diagnosed Adult Patients,“ The American
Journal of Medicine 66; March 1979
[168]
J. M. Hoffman et al, „An Examination of Individual Differences in the Relationship between Interpersonal Stress and Disease Activity Among
Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis,“ Arthritis Care Research 11, no. 4
(August 1998), 271-79
[169]
J. M. Hoffman et al, „Examination of Changes in Interpersonal Stress as a Factor in Disease Exacerbations among Women with Rheumatoid
Arthritis,“ Annals of Behavioral Medicine 19, no. 3a (Summer 1997), 279-
86
[170]
L. R. Chapman, et al, „Augmentation of the Inflammatory Reaction by Activity of the Central Nervous System,“ American Medical Association
Archives of Neurology; November 1959
[171]
Hoffman, „Examination of Changes in Interpersonal Stress…“
[172]
Hofer, Relationships as Regulators
[173]
Buck, „Emotional Communication, Emotional Competence, and
Physical Illness“, 42
[174]
Seeman and McEwen, Impact of Social Environment Characteristics
[175]
E. Pennisi, „Neuroimmunology: Tracing Molecules That Make the
Brain-Body Connection“, Science 275 (14 February 1997), 930-31
[176]
G. Affleck et al, „Mood States Associated with Transitory Changes in
Asthma Symptoms and Peak Expiratory Flow,“ Psychosomatic Medicine

62, 62-68
[177]
D. A. Mrazek, „Childhood Asthma: The Interplay of Psychiatric and
Physiological Factors,“ Advances in Psychosomatic Medicine 14 (1985),
16-32
[178]
Пак там, 21.
[179]
I. Florin et al,“Emotional Expressiveness, Psychophysiological
Reactivity and Mother-Child Interaction with Asthmatic Children,“ in
Pennebaker and Treve, Emotional Expressiveness, Inhibition and Health,
188 -89
[180]
S. Minuchin et al, „A Conceptual Model of Psychosomatic Illness in
Children, Family Organization and Family Therapy,“ Archives of General
Psychiatry 32 (August 1975), 1031-38
[181]
M. A. Price et a!., „The Role of Psychosocial Factors in the
Development of Breast Carcinoma. Part II: Life Event Stressors, Social
Support, Defense Style, and Emotional Control and Their Interactions“,
Cancer 91, no. 4 (15 February 2001), 686-97
[182]
P. Reynolds and G.A. Kaplan, „Social Connections and Risk for
Cancer: Prospective Evidence from the Alameda County Study,“
Behavioral Medicine, (Fall 1990), 101-10
[183]
For a full discussion of differentiation, see Michael E. Kerr and
Murray Bowen, Family Evaluation: An Approach Based on Bowen Theory
(New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1988), chapter 4, 89-111
[184]
S. E. Locke, „Stress, Adaptation, and Immunity: Studies in Humans“,
General Hospital Psychiatry 4 (1982), 49-58
[185]
J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser et al, „Marital Quality, Marital Disruption, and
Immune Function“, Psychosomatic Medicine 49, no. 1, January-February
1987
[186]
Вижте десета глава
[187]
Kerr and Bowen, Family Evaluation, 182

[188]
Seeman and McEwen, Impact of Social Environment
Characteristics…, 459
[189]
L. Grassi and S. Molinari, „Early Family Attitudes and Neoplastic
Disease“, Abstracts of the Fifth Symposium on Stress and Cancer, Kiev,
1984; cited in H.J. Baltrusch and M.E. Waltz, „Early Family Attitudes and the Stress Process -A Life-Span and Personological Model of Host-Tumor
Relationships: Biopsychosocial Research on Cancer and Stress in Central
Europe,“ in Stacey B. Day, ed., Cancer, Stress and Death (New York:
Plenum Medical Book Company, 1986), 275
[190]
Пак там, 277
[191]
L. G. Russek et al, „Perceptions of Parental Caring Predict Health
Status in Midlife: A 35-Year Follow-up of the Harvard Mastery Stress
Study“, Psychosomatic Medicine 59 (1997), 144-49
[192]
M. A. Hofer, „On the Nature and Consequences of Early Loss“,
Psychosomatic Medicine 58 (1996), 570-80
[193]
Kisses and Chemistry Linked in Rats, The Globe and Mail (Toronto)
17 September 1997
[194]
Hofer, On the Nature and Consequences of Early Loss.
[195]
S. Levine and H. Ursin,“What is Stress?“ in S. Levine and H. Ursin,
eds., Psychobiology of Stress, (New York: Academic Press, 1972), 17
[196]
Allan Schore, Affect Regulation and the Origin of the Self: The
Neurobiology of Emotional Development (Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, 1994), 378
[197]
M. Marmot and E. Brunner, „Epidemiological Applications of Long-
Term Stress in Daily Life“, in T. Theorell, ed., Everyday Biological Stress
Mechanisms, vol. 22 (Basel: Karger, 2001), 89-90
[198]
Пак там.
[199]
C. Caldji et al, „Maternal Care During Infancy Regulates the
Development of Neural Systems Mediating the Expression of Fearfulness in the Rat“, Neurobiology 95, no. 9 (28 April 1998), 5335-40

[200]
C. Caldji et al, „Variations in Maternal Care in Infancy Regulate the
Development of Stress Reactivity“, Biological Psychiatry 48, no. 12, 1164-
74
[201]
L. Miller et al, „Intergenerational Transmission of Parental Bonding among Women“, Journal of the American Academy of Child and
Adolescent Psychiatry 36 (1997), 1134-39
[202]
R. Yehuda et al, „Cortisol Levels in Adult Offspring of Holocaust
Survivors: Relation to PTSD Symptom Severity in the Parent and Child“,
Psychoneuroendocrinology 27, no. 1-2 (2001), 171-80
[203]
D.J. Siegel, The Developing Mind:Toward a Neurobiology of
Interpersonal Experience (New York: The Guilford Press, 1999), 73
[204]
((Selye, The Stress of Life, 81
[205]
Kerr and Bowen, Family Evaluation, 259
[206]
Caldji, Variations In Maternal Care in Infancy…
[207]
M. Kerr, „Cancer and the Family Emotional System,“ in J. G.
Goldberg, ed., Psychotherapeutic Treatment of Cancer Patients
(NewYork:The Free Press, 1981), 297
[208]
Selye, The Stress of Life, 391
[209]
D Raphael, Social Justice Is Good for Our Hearts: Why Societal
Factors - Not Lifestyles - Are Major Causes of Heart Disease in Canada and Elsewhere (Toronto: CSJ Foundation for Research and Education,
2002), xi; Докладът е публикуван на сайта socialjustice.org
[210]
M. G Marmot et al, „Inequalities in Death -Specific Explanations of a
General Pattern“, Lancet 3 (1984), 1003-6, cited in M. Marmot and E.
Brunner, „Epidemiological Applications of Long-Term Stress in Daily
Life,“ in T. Theorell, ed., Everyday Biological Stress Mechanisms, 83
[211]
Стволовите или зародишните клетки са тези, които все още не са се специализирали като определени тъканни клетки
[212]
B. H. Lipton, „Nature, Nurture and Human Development,“ Journal of
Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health 16, no. 2 (2001), 167-80

[213]
Kerr and Bowen, Family Evaluation, 279
[214]
Mogens R. Jensen, „Psychobiological Factors Predicting the Course of Breast Cancer“, Journal of Personality 55, no. 2 (June 1987), 337
[215]
Levy, Behavior and Cancer, 165
[216]
S.Warren et al., „Emotional Stress and the Development of Multiple
Sclerosis: Case-Control Evidence of a Relationship“, Journal of Chronic
Disease 35 (1982), 821-31
[217]
Съпругът на Джийн е Ед, с когото се запознахме в 8 глава
[218]
Ford, A Glad Awakening
[219]
Candace B. Pert, Molecules of Emotion, 193
[220]
A.J. Bdurtha et al.,“A Clinical, Histologic, and Immunologic Study of a Case of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Undergoing Spontaneous
Remission“, Cancer 37 (1976), 735-42
[221]
Rogentine et al, cited in B. Fox and B. Newberry, eds., Impact of
Psychoendocrine Systems in Cancer and Immunity (NewYork: C.J.
Hogrefe, 1984), 259
[222]
Пак там, 267
[223]
F. I. Fawzy et al, „Malignant Melanoma: Effects of an Early
Structured Psychiatric Intervention, Coping, and Affective State on
Recurrence and Survival 6 Years Later“, Archives of General Psychiatry 50
(1993), 681-89; cited in Michael Lerner, Choices in Healing (Cambridge,
Mass.:The MIT Press, 1994), 159
[224]
F. I. Fawzy et al“, A Structured Psychiatric Intervention for Cancer
Patients: Changes over Time in Immunologic Measures,“ Archives of
General Psychiatry 47 (1990), 729-35
[225]
Вижте 3-та глава
[226]
Oliver Sacks, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat and Other
Clinical Tales; New York: HarperPerennial, 1990

[227]
A. F. Siegman et al,“Antagonistic Behavior, Dominance, Hostility,
and Coronary Heart Disease“, Psychosomatic Medicine 62 (2000), 248-57
[228]
L. R. Ormont, „Aggression and Cancer in Group Treatment“ in Jane
G. Goldberg, ed., The Psychotherapy of Cancer Patients (New York: The
Free Press, 1981), 226
[229]
V. J. Felitti et al, „Relationship of Childhood Abuse and Household
Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults: The
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study“, American Journal of
Preventative Medicine 14, no. 4 (1998), 245-58