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2.1 Supervision of the operation by the

of the operation by the operator (See JAR-OPS

1.175(g)). This must show how the safety of flight

operations and the qualifications of personnel are

supervised. In particular, the procedures related to

the following items must be described:

(a) Licence and qualification validity;

(b) Competence of operations personnel; and

(c) Control, analysis and storage of records,

flight documents, additional information and data.

2.2 System of promulgation of additional

operational instructions and information. A

description of any system for promulgating

information which may be of an operational nature

but is supplementary to that in the Operations

Manual. The applicability of this information and the

responsibilities for its promulgation must be

included.

2.3 Accident prevention and flight safety

flight safety programme.

2.4 Operational control. A description of the

procedures and responsibilities necessary to exercise

operational control with respect to flight safety.

2.5 Powers of the Authority. A description of

the powers of the Authority and guidance to staff on

how to facilitate inspections by Authority personnel.

A description of the quality system adopted including

at least:

(a) Quality policy;

(b) A description of the organisation of the Quality System; and

(c) Allocation of duties and responsibilities.

4.1 Crew Composition. An explanation of the

method for determining crew compositions taking

account of the following:

(a) The type of aeroplane being used;

(b) The area and type of operation being undertaken;

(c) The phase of the flight;

(d) The minimum crew requirement and flight duty period planned;

(e) Experience (total and on type), recency and qualification of the crew members; and

(f) The designation of the commander and, if

necessitated by the duration of the flight, the

procedures for the relief of the commander or other

members of the flight crew. (See Appendix 1 to JAR–OPS 1.940.)

(g) The designation of the senior cabin crew

member and, if necessitated by the duration of the

flight, the procedures for the relief of the senior

cabin crew member and any other member of the cabin crew.

4.2 Designation of the commander. The rules

applicable to the designation of the commander.

4.3 Flight crew incapacitation. Instructions on

the succession of command in the event of flight

crew incapacitation.

4.4 Operation on more than one type. A

statement indicating which aeroplanes are considered

as one type for the purpose of:

(a) Flight crew scheduling; and

(b) Cabin crew scheduling.

5 QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS

5.1 A description of the required licence,

rating(s), qualification/competency (e.g. for routes

and aerodromes), experience, training, checking and

recency for operations personnel to conduct their

duties. Consideration must be given to the aeroplane

type, kind of operation and composition of the crew.

5.2 Flight crew

(a) Commander.

(b) Pilot relieving the commander.

(c) Co-pilot.

(d) Pilot under supervision.

(e) System panel operator.

(f) Operation on more than one type or variant.

5.3 Cabin crew.

(a) Senior cabin crew member.

(b) Cabin crew member.

(i) Required cabin crew member.

(ii) Additional cabin crew member and

cabin crew member during familiarisation flights.

c) Operation on more than one type or variant.

5.4 Training, checking and supervision personnel.

(a) For flight crew.

(b) For cabin crew.

5.5 Other operations personnel

6 CREW HEALTH PRECAUTIONS

6.1 Crew health precautions. The relevant

regulations and guidance to crew members

concerning health including:

(a) Alcohol and other intoxicating liquor;

(b) Narcotics;

(c) Drugs;

(d) Sleeping tablets;

(e) Pharmaceutical preparations;

(f) Immunisation;

(g) Deep diving;

(h) Blood donation;

(i) Meal precautions prior to and during flight;

(j) Sleep and rest; and

(k) Surgical operations.
7 FLIGHT TIME LIMITATIONS

7.1 Flight and Duty Time Limitations and Rest

in accordance with Subpart Q (or existing national

requirements until such time as Subpart Q has been adopted).

7.2 Exceedances of flight and duty time

Conditions under which flight and duty time may be

exceeded or rest periods may be reduced and the

procedures used to report these modifications.

8.1 Flight Preparation Instructions. As

applicable to the operation:

8.1.1 Minimum Flight Altitudes. A description of

the method of determination and application of

minimum altitudes including:

(a) A procedure to establish the minimum

altitudes/flight levels for VFR flights; and

(b) A procedure to establish the minimum

altitudes/flight levels for IFR flights.

8.1.2 Criteria [and responsibilities] for [the

authorisation of the use] of aerodromes [taking into

account the applicable requirements of Subparts D, E, F, G, H, I and J.]

8.1.3 Methods for establishing aerodrome

aerodrome operating minima for IFR flights in

accordance with JAR-OPS 1 Subpart E. Reference

must be made to procedures for the determination of

the visibility and/or runway visual range and for the

applicability of the actual visibility observed by the

pilots, the reported visibility and the reported runway visual range.

8.1.4 En-route Operating Minima for VFR Flights

or VFR portions of a flight and, where single engined

aeroplanes are used, instructions for route selection

with respect to the availability of surfaces which

permit a safe forced landing.

8.1.5 Presentation and Application of Aerodrome

and En-route Operating Minima

8.1.6 Interpretation of meteorological

MET forecasts and MET reports relevant to the area

of operations, including the interpretation of

conditional expressions.

8.1.7 Determination of the quantities of fuel, oil and water methanol carried. The methods by which the quantities of fuel, oil and water methanol to be carried are determined and monitored in flight. This

section must also include instructions on the

measurement and distribution of the fluid carried on board. Such instructions must take account of all circumstances likely to be encountered on the flight, including the possibility of in-flight replanning and

of failure of one or more of the aeroplane’s power plants. The system for maintaining fuel and oil records must also be described.

8.1.8 Mass and Centre of Gravity. The general principles of mass and centre of gravity including:

(a) Definitions;

(b) Methods, procedures and responsibilities for

preparation and acceptance of mass and centre of

gravity calculations;

(c) The policy for using standard and/or actual masses;

(d) The method for determining the applicable

passenger, baggage and cargo mass;

(e) The applicable passenger and baggage

masses for various types of operations and aeroplane type;

(f) General instruction and information

necessary for verification of the various types of

mass and balance documentation in use; (g) Last Minute Changes procedures;

(h) Specific gravity of fuel, oil and water methanol; and

(i) Seating policy/procedures.

8.1.9 ATS Flight Plan. Procedures and

responsibilities for the preparation and submission of

the air traffic services flight plan. Factors to be considered include the means of submission for both individual and repetitive flight plans.

8.1.10 Operational Flight Plan. Procedures and

responsibilities for the preparation and acceptance of the operational flight plan. The use of the operational flight plan must be described including samples of the operational flight plan formats in use.

responsibilities and the use of the operator’s

Aeroplane Technical Log must be described,

including samples of the format used.

8.1.12 List of documents, forms and additional

information to be carried.

8.2 Ground Handling Instructions

8.2.1 Fuelling procedures. A description of

fuelling procedures, including:

(a) Safety precautions during refuelling and

defuelling including when an APU is in operation or

when a turbine engine is running and the prop-brakes

are on;

are embarking, on board or disembarking; and

(c) Precautions to be taken to avoid mixing

fuels.

handling procedures to be used when allocating seats

and embarking and disembarking passengers and

when loading and unloading the aeroplane. Further

procedures, aimed at achieving safety whilst the

aeroplane is on the ramp, must also be given.

Handling procedures must include:

(a) Children/infants, sick passengers and

Persons with Reduced Mobility;

(b) Transportation of inadmissible passengers,

deportees or persons in custody;

(c) Permissible size and weight of hand

baggage;

(d) Loading and securing of items in the

aeroplane;

(e) Special loads and classification of load

compartments;

(f) Positioning of ground equipment;

(g) Operation of aeroplane doors;

(h) Safety on the ramp, including fire

prevention, blast and suction areas;

(i) Start-up, ramp departure and arrival

procedures [including push-back and towing

operations];

(j) Servicing of aeroplanes;

(k) Documents and forms for aeroplane

handling; and

(l) Multiple occupancy of aeroplane seats.

8.2.3 Procedures for the refusal of embarkation.

Procedures to ensure that persons who appear to be

intoxicated or who demonstrate by manner or

physical indications that they are under the influence

of drugs, are refused embarkation. This does not

apply to medical patients under proper care.

8.2.4 De-icing and Anti-icing on the ground. A description of the de-icing and anti-icing policy and procedures for aeroplanes on the ground. These shall include descriptions of the types and effects of icing and other contaminants on aeroplanes whilst stationary, during ground movements and during take-off. In addition, a description of the fluid types used must be given including:

(a) Proprietary or commercial names;

(b) Characteristics;

(c) Effects on aeroplane performance;

(d) Hold-over times; and

(e) Precautions during usage.

8.3 Flight Procedures

8.3.1 VFR/IFR Policy. A description of the policy

for allowing flights to be made under VFR, or of requiring flights to be made under IFR, or of

changing from one to the other.

8.3.2 Navigation Procedures. A description of all navigation procedures relevant to the type(s) and area(s) of operation. Consideration must be given to:

(a) Standard navigational procedures including policy for carrying out independent cross-checks of keyboard entries where these affect the flight path to be followed by the aeroplane;

(b) MNPS and POLAR navigation and

navigation in other designated areas;

(c) RNAV;

(d) In-flight replanning;

(e) Procedures in the event of system

degradation; and

(f) RVSM.

8.3.3 Altimeter setting procedures [including use,

- metric altimetry and conversion tables,

and

- QFE operating procedures.]

8.3.5 Ground Proximity Warning System[/Terrain

instructions required for the avoidance of controlled

flight into terrain, including limitations on high rate

of descent near the surface (the related training

requirements are covered in D.2.1).]

8.3.6 Policy and procedures for the use of

8.3.7 Policy and procedures for in-flight fuel

8.3.8 Adverse and potentially hazardous

and/or avoiding, adverse and potentially hazardous

atmospheric conditions including:

(a) Thunderstorms;

(b) Icing conditions;

(c) Turbulence;

(d) Windshear;

(e) Jetstream;

(f) Volcanic ash clouds;

(g) Heavy precipitation;

(h) Sand storms;

(i) Mountain waves; and

(j) Significant Temperature inversions.

8.3.9 Wake Turbulence. Wake turbulence

separation criteria, taking into account aeroplane

types, wind conditions and runway location.

8.3.10 Crew members at their stations. The

requirements for crew members to occupy their

assigned stations or seats during the different phases

of flight or whenever deemed necessary in the interest of safety [and also include procedures for controlled rest on the flight deck.]

8.3.11 Use of safety belts for crew and passengers.

The requirements for crew members and passengers

to use safety belts and/or harnesses during the

different phases of flight or whenever deemed

necessary in the interest of safety.

8.3.12 Admission to Flight Deck. The conditions

for the admission to the flight deck of persons other

than the flight crew. The policy regarding the

admission of Inspectors from the Authority must also be included.

8.3.13 Use of vacant crew seats. The conditions and procedures for the use of vacant crew seats.

8.3.14 Incapacitation of crew members. Procedures

to be followed in the event of incapacitation of crew

members in flight. Examples of the types of

incapacitation and the means for recognising them

must be included.

8.3.15 Cabin Safety Requirements. Procedures

covering:

(a) Cabin preparation for flight, in-flight

requirements and preparation for landing including

procedures for securing the cabin and galleys;

(b) Procedures to ensure that passengers are

seated where, in the event that an emergency

evacuation is required, they may best assist and not

hinder evacuation from the aeroplane;

(c) Procedures to be followed during passenger

embarkation and disembarkation; and

(d) Procedures when refuelling/defuelling with

passengers embarking, on board or disembarking.

(e) Smoking on board

8.3.16 Passenger briefing procedures. The

contents, means and timing of passenger briefing in

accordance with JAR–OPS 1.285.

8.3.17 Procedures for aeroplanes operated

whenever required cosmic or solar radiation

detection equipment is carried. Procedures for the use of cosmic or solar radiation detection equipment and for recording its readings including actions to be taken in the event that limit values specified in the Operations Manual are exceeded. In addition, the procedures, including ATS procedures, to be

followed in the event that a decision to descend or reroute

is taken.

[8.3.18 Policy on the use of Autopilot and

Autothrottle.]

8.4 AWO. A description of the operational

procedures associated with All Weather Operations.

8.5 ETOPS. A description of the ETOPS

operational procedures. (See AMC 20-xxx).

8.6 Use of the Minimum Equipment and

8.7 Non revenue flights. Procedures and

limitations for:

(a) Training flights;

(b) Test flights;

(c) Delivery flights;

d) Ferry flights;

(e) Demonstration flights; and

(f) Positioning flights, including the kind of

persons who may be carried on such flights.

8.8 Oxygen Requirements

8.8.1 An explanation of the conditions under

which oxygen must be provided and used.

8.8.2 The oxygen requirements specified for:

(a) Flight crew;

(b) Cabin crew; and

(c) Passengers.
9 DANGEROUS GOODS AND WEAPONS

9.1 Information, instructions and general

guidance on the transport of dangerous goods including:

(a) Operator’s policy on the transport of

dangerous goods;

(b) Guidance on the requirements for

acceptance, labelling, handling, stowage and

segregation of dangerous goods;

(c) Procedures for responding to emergency

situations involving dangerous goods;

(d) Duties of all personnel involved as per JAROPS 1.1215; and

(e) Instructions on the carriage of the operator’s employees.

9.2 The conditions under which weapons,

munitions of war and sporting weapons may be carried.

10.1 Security instructions and guidance of a nonconfidential

nature which must include the authority

and responsibilities of operations personnel. Policies and procedures for handling and reporting crime on board such as unlawful interference, sabotage, bomb threats, and hijacking must also be included.

10.2 A description of preventative security

measures and training.

Note: Parts of the security instructions and guidance may be kept confidential.

11 HANDLING, NOTIFYING AND

REPORTING OCCURRENCES

Procedures for the handling, notifying and reporting

occurrences. This section must include:

(a) Definition of occurrences and of the

relevant responsibilities of all persons involved;

(b) Illustrations of forms used for reporting all

types of occurrences (or copies of the forms

themselves), instructions on how they are to be

completed, the addresses to which they should be

sent and the time allowed for this to be done;

(c) In the event of an accident, descriptions of

which company departments, Authorities and other

organisations that have to be notified, how this will be done and in what sequence;

(d) Procedures for verbal notification to air

traffic service units of incidents involving ACAS

RAs, bird hazards, dangerous goods and hazardous conditions;

(e) Procedures for submitting written reports on

air traffic incidents, ACAS RAs, bird strikes,

dangerous goods incidents or accidents, and unlawful interference;

(f) Reporting procedures to ensure compliance

with JAR-OPS 1.085(b) and 1.420. These procedures must include internal safety related reporting procedures to be followed by crew members, designed to ensure that the commander is informed immediately of any incident that has endangered, or may have endangered, safety during flight and that he is provided with all relevant information

12 RULES OF THE AIR

Rules of the Air including:

(b) Territorial application of the Rules of the Air;

(c) Communication procedures including COMfailure

procedures;

(d) Information and instructions relating to the

interception of civil aeroplanes;

(e) The circumstances in which a radio listening

watch is to be maintained;

(f) Signals;

(g) Time system used in operation;

(h) ATC clearances, adherence to flight plan

and position reports;

(i) Visual signals used to warn an unauthorised

aeroplane flying in or about to enter a restricted,

prohibited or danger area;

(j) Procedures for pilots observing an accident

or receiving a distress transmission;

(k) The ground/air visual codes for use by

survivors, description and use of signal aids; and

(l) Distress and urgency signals.

A description of the operational arrangements for leasing, associated procedures and management responsibilities.

Taking account of the differences between types, and variants of types, under the following headings:

0.1 General Information (e.g. aeroplane

dimensions), including a description of the units of

measurement used for the operation of the aeroplane

type concerned and conversion tables.

1 LIMITATIONS

1.1 A description of the certified limitations and

the applicable operational limitations including:

(a) Certification status (eg. JAR-23, JAR-25,

ICAO Annex 16 (JAR-36 and JAR-34) etc);

(b) Passenger seating configuration for each

aeroplane type including a pictorial presentation;

(c) Types of operation that are approved (e.g.

VFR/IFR, CAT II/III, RNP Type, flights in known icing conditions etc.);

(d) Crew composition;

(e) Mass and centre of gravity;

(f) Speed limitations;

(g) Flight envelope(s);

(h) Wind limits including operations on

contaminated runways;

(i) Performance limitations for applicable

configurations;

(j) Runway slope;

(k) Limitations on wet or contaminated runways;

(l) Airframe contamination; and

(m) System limitations.

2 NORMAL PROCEDURES

2.1 The normal procedures and duties assigned

to the crew, the appropriate check-lists, the system for use of the check-lists and a statement covering

the necessary coordination procedures between flight

and cabin crew. The following normal procedures

and duties must be included:

(a) Pre-flight;

(b) Pre-departure;

(c) Altimeter setting and checking;

(d) Taxy, Take-Off and Climb;

(e) Noise abatement;

(f) Cruise and descent;

(g) Approach, Landing preparation and briefing;

(h) VFR Approach;

(i) Instrument approach;

(j) Visual Approach and circling;

(k) Missed Approach;

(l) Normal Landing;

(m) Post Landing; and

(n) Operation on wet and contaminated

runways.

3 ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY

PROCEDURES

3.1 The abnormal and emergency procedures

and duties assigned to the crew, the appropriate

check-lists, the system for use of the check-lists and

a statement covering the necessary co-ordination

procedures between flight and cabin crew. The

following abnormal and emergency procedures and

duties must be included:

(a) Crew Incapacitation;

(b) Fire and Smoke Drills;

(c) Unpressurised and partially pressurised flight;

(d) Exceeding structural limits such as

overweight landing;

(e) Exceeding cosmic radiation limits;

(f) Lightning Strikes;

(g) Distress Communications and alerting

ATC to Emergencies

(h) Engine failure;

(i) System failures;

(j) Guidance for Diversion in case of Serious

Technical Failure;

(k) Ground Proximity Warning;

(l) TCAS Warning;

(m) Windshear;

(n) Emergency Landing/Ditching; and

[(o) Departure contingency procedures.]

4 PERFORMANCE

4.0 Performance data must be provided in a

form in which it can be used without difficulty.

4.1 Performance data. Performance material

which provides the necessary data for compliance

with the performance requirements prescribed in

JAR–OPS 1 Subparts F, G, H and I must be included

to allow the determination of:

(a) Take-off climb limits – Mass, Altitude,

Temperature;

(b) Take-off field length (dry, wet,

contaminated)

(c) Net flight path data for obstacle clearance

calculation or, where applicable, take-off flight path;

contaminated) including the effects of an in-flight

failure of a system or device, if it affects the landing distance

(i) Brake energy limits; and

stages (also considering wet or contaminated

runways).

4.1.1. Supplementary data covering flights in icing

an allowable configuration, or configuration

deviation, such as anti-skid inoperative, must be included.

4.1.2. If performance Data, as required for the

appropriate performance class, is not available in the

approved AFM, then other data acceptable to the

Authority must be included. Alternatively, the

Operations Manual may contain cross-reference to

the approved Data contained in the AFM where such Data is not likely to be used often or in an emergency.

4.2 Additional Performance Data. Additional

performance data where applicable including:

(a) All engine climb gradients;

(e) For aeroplanes with 3 or more engines, one

engine inoperative ferry flights; and

f) Flights conducted under the provisions of

the CDL.

5 FLIGHT PLANNING

5.1 Data and instructions necessary for preflight

and in-flight planning including factors such as

speed schedules and power settings. Where

applicable, procedures for engine(s)-out operations,

ETOPS (particularly the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed and maximum distance to an adequate aerodrome determined in accordance with JAR-OPS 1.245) and flights to isolated aerodromes must be included.

5.2 The method for calculating fuel needed for the various stages of flight, in accordance with JAROPS 1.255.

6 MASS AND BALANCE

Instructions and data for the calculation of the mass

and balance including:

(a) Calculation system (e.g. Index system);

(b) Information and instructions for completion

of mass and balance documentation, including

manual and computer generated types;

(c) Limiting masses and centre of gravity for

the types, variants or individual aeroplanes used by

the operator; and

(d) Dry Operating mass and corresponding

centre of gravity or index.

Procedures and provisions for loading and securing

the load in the aeroplane.

8 CONFIGURATION DEVIATION LIST

The Configuration Deviation List(s) (CDL), if

provided by the manufacturer, taking account of the

aeroplane types and variants operated including

procedures to be followed when an aeroplane is

being despatched under the terms of its CDL.

The Minimum Equipment List (MEL) taking account

of the aeroplane types and variants operated and the

type(s)/area(s) of operation. The MEL must include the navigational equipment and take into account the required navigation performance for the route and area of operation.

10.1 A list of the survival equipment to be

carried for the routes to be flown and the procedures for checking the serviceability of this equipment prior to take-off. Instructions regarding the location, accessibility and use of survival and emergency

equipment and its associated check list(s) must also be included.

10.2 The procedure for determining the amount of oxygen required and the quantity that is available. The flight profile, number of occupants and possible

cabin decompression must be considered. The

information provided must be in a form in which it

can be used without difficulty.

11.1 Instructions for preparation for emergency

11.2 Emergency evacuation procedures. A

description of the duties of all members of the crew for the rapid evacuation of an aeroplane and the handling of the passengers in the event of a forced landing, ditching or other emergency.

12 AEROPLANE SYSTEMS

A description of the aeroplane systems, related

controls and indications and operating instructions.

(See IEM to Appendix 1 to JAR-OPS 1.1045.)

1 Instructions and information relating to

communications, navigation and aerodromes

including minimum flight levels and altitudes for each route to be flown and operating minima for each aerodrome planned to be used, including:

(a) Minimum flight level/altitude;

(b) Operating minima for departure, destination

and alternate aerodromes;

(c) Communication facilities and navigation

aids;

(d) Runway data and aerodrome facilities;

procedures including noise abatement procedures;

(f) COM-failure procedures;

(g) Search and rescue facilities in the area over

which the aeroplane is to be flown;

(h) A description of the aeronautical charts that must be carried on board in relation to the type of flight and the route to be flown, including the method to check their validity;

(i) Availability of aeronautical information and MET services;

(j) En-route COM/NAV procedures;

(k) Aerodrome categorisation for flight crew

competence qualification (See AMC OPS 1.975); and

(l) Special aerodrome limitations (performance

limitations and operating procedures etc.).

1 Training syllabi and checking programmes

for all operations personnel assigned to operational

duties in connection with the preparation and/or

conduct of a flight.

2 Training syllabi and checking programmes

must include:

2.1 For flight crew. All relevant items

prescribed in Subparts E and N;

2.2 For cabin crew. All relevant items

prescribed in Subpart O;

2.3 For operations personnel concerned,

(a) All relevant items prescribed in Subpart R

(Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air); and

(b) All relevant items prescribed in Subpart S

(Security).

2.4 For operations personnel other than crew

All other relevant items prescribed in JAR–OPS pertaining to their duties.

3 Procedures

3.1 Procedures for training and checking.

3.2 Procedures to be applied in the event that

personnel do not achieve or maintain the required standards.

3.3 Procedures to ensure that abnormal or

emergency situations requiring the application of part or all of abnormal or emergency procedures and simulation of IMC by artificial means, are not simulated during commercial air transportation flights.

and storage periods. (See Appendix 1 to JAR–OPS 1.1065.)